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Total extract yields highest total phenolics (106.56 µg GAE/mg), while ethyl acetate fraction shows maximal flavonoids (43.7 µg rutin eq/mg). Antioxidant results and 24 h scratch assays indicate ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions most reduce wound widths, suppress LPS-induced nitric oxide, and link to hub target genes including IL6, TNF, and FN1.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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key compounds were identified from Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"HPLC/MS analysis identified rosmarinic acid as the predominant phenolic compound, together with diterpenoids (carnosic acid, carnosol) and flavonoids (cirsimaritin, diosmetin).","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which fractions showed the strongest antioxidant performance?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The n-butanol fraction demonstrated superior FRAP activity, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent radical scavenging in DPPH and ABTS assays.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How were the wound-healing effects evaluated in vitro?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Wound healing efficacy was tested using scratch assays on human skin fibroblasts, where the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions most effectively reduced wound widths within 24 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nature.com/scientificreports)  \nOPEN  \nPhytochemical profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts and exploring its in vitro wound healing activity and network pharmacology  \nShaza H. Aly1􀀍, Aya A. Mohamed1, Mariam Ehab2, Alaa M. AbdElaziz2, Nouran Ehab2, Eman Salem2, ManarAmgad2, Omnia Mohamed Gaber2, Hager Amer2 & Sara Saeed Kotb1  \nThe present study thoroughly assessed the wound healing efficacy of fractions derived from Rosmarinus officinalis through phytochemical profiling, antioxidant assays, and in vitro scratch wound models, along with network pharmacology to identify target genes. HPLC/MS analysis identified rosmarinic acid as the predominant phenolic compound, alongside diterpenoids (carnosic acid, carnosol) and flavonoids (cirsimaritin, diosmetin). The total extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content (106.56 µg gallic acid eq/mg), while the ethyl acetate fraction (ROE) contained the highest flavonoids (43.7 µg rutin eq/mg). Antioxidant assays revealed fraction-dependent efficacy:  \nthe n-butanol fraction (RON) showed superior (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) FRAP activity (637.727 µM TE/mg), whereas ROE demonstrated potent radical scavenging (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) IC₅₀: 22.81 µg/mL; ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) IC₅₀:  \n33.6 µg/mL). In vitro scratch assays on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) highlighted ROE and RON as the most effective fractions, reducing wound widths to 0.42 ± 0.04 mm and 0.41 ± 0.005 mm, respectively, within 24 h at 10 µg/mL. These fractions also suppressed LPS(Lipopolysaccharide)-induced nitric oxide production in macrophages by > 70%, underscoring anti-inflammatory synergies. Furthermore, utilising network pharmacology, we identified ten hub target genes associated with wound healing, including IL6 and 1B (Interleukin-6, -1B), TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and FN1(Fibronectin 1). The findings establish that solvent polarity critically influences bioactive compound recovery, with semipolar fractions (ROE, RON) optimally balancing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and fibroblastmigratory properties for wound healing applications. As a conclusion, R. officinalis is a great natural candidate for valuable bioactive components with promising anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antioxidant properties. Further phytochemical studies should be performed to isolate the responsible compounds and investigate their mechanism of action.  \nKeywords Antioxidant, HPLC/MS, Rosmarinus officinalis, Wound healing, Anti-inflammatory, rosmarinic acid, Network pharmacology  \nThe medicinal potential of plant bioactive compounds is evidenced by their roles as antioxidants, antiinflammatory agents, antimicrobials, and modulators of metabolic and signaling pathways1,2. Innovation in drug development, nutraceuticals, and functional foods is supported by the continuous investigation of plant biodiversity, which continues to produce new bioactive compounds with distinctive structures and functions3,4. Research on plant phytochemicals is still ongoing to find potential herbal remedies that can treat a wide range of many ailments5,6.  \nRosmarinus officinalis L., generally referred to as rosemary, is a highly regarded aromatic and medicinal herb prevalent in the Mediterranean region; it is a member of the Lamiaceae family7,8. Historically, rosemary has been recognised since ancient times and was even mentioned in Egyptian, Greek, and Latin writings7. Its  \n1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt. 2Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt. 􀀍 email: [shaza.husseiny@buc.edu.eg](shaza.husseiny@buc.edu.eg)  \n[www. nature.com/scientificreports/](www. nature.com/scientificreports/)  \nname is believed to derive from the Latin words “ros”(dew) and “marinus”(sea), translating to “dew of the sea,”likely due to its presence on calcareous soils in warm coastal","cbCaimDYfNurSg9q","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimDYfNurSg9q","pdf",3915089,17,"English","# Antioxidant and phytochemical profiling\n## HPLC/MS compound identification\n## Total phenolics and flavonoids\n# In vitro wound healing assessment\n## Scratch assay on human skin fibroblasts\n## Anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages\n# Network pharmacology targets\n## Hub gene identification\n# Conclusion and future work","[{\"question\":\"What key compounds were identified from Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts?\",\"answer\":\"HPLC/MS analysis identified rosmarinic acid as the predominant phenolic compound, together with diterpenoids (carnosic acid, carnosol) and flavonoids (cirsimaritin, diosmetin).\"},{\"question\":\"Which fractions showed the strongest antioxidant performance?\",\"answer\":\"The n-butanol fraction demonstrated superior FRAP activity, while the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent radical scavenging in DPPH and ABTS assays.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the wound-healing effects evaluated in vitro?\",\"answer\":\"Wound healing efficacy was tested using scratch assays on human skin fibroblasts, where the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions most effectively reduced wound widths within 24 hours.\"}]","Phytochemical profiling of Rosmarinus officinalis aerial parts and exploring its in vitro wound healing activity and network pharmacology | PDF",1790743850,43]