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This study evaluates the antibacterial potential of Pistacia integerrima galls against bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections. Urine from infected individuals (n=36) was processed using standard microbiological procedures, including Gram staining and biochemical confirmation. Predominant isolates were E. coli (33%) and Proteus spp. (22%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (19%) and Bacillus (13.8%). Phytochemical screening identified alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins in selected extracts. Using the well diffusion method, Bacillus spp. showed the greatest inhibition (22 mm, 24 mm, 10 mm) with ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts, with optimal effect at 100 µl, supporting use in UTIs.",{"@graph":69,"@context":127},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/phytochemical-and-antibacterial-activity-of-pistacia-integerma-against-multi-drug-resistant-bacterial-pathogens-isolated-from-urinary-tract-infections/398695/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/phytochemical-and-antibacterial-activity-of-pistacia-integerma-against-multi-drug-resistant-bacterial-pathogens-isolated-from-urinary-tract-infections/398695.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanford","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-27",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119,123],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What was the goal of this study?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Pistacia integerrima galls against bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How were the bacterial isolates identified?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Urine samples were processed with standard procedures, including Gram staining and biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase, coagulase, and others for confirmation.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Which bacterial species were most predominant in UTIs?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"E. coli was the most predominant isolate (33%), followed by Proteus spp. (22%), Pseudomonas spp. (19%), and Bacillus (13.8%).",{"name":124,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":125},"What were the main findings about antibacterial activity and phytochemicals?",{"text":126,"@type":114},"Alkaloids were present in ethanol, methanol, and water extracts, while flavonoids and tannins were present in ethanolic and aqueous extracts but absent in methanolic extract. Bacillus spp. showed the highest inhibition zones, and the best results occurred at 100 µl concentration.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":129,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":131,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":133,"site_id":62},398695,1790553249,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":136},{"doc_id":133,"user_id":137,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":138,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":139,"file_id":140,"file_url":141,"file_type":142,"file_size":143,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":144,"language":145,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":146,"faqs":147,"seo_title":148,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":149,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026)  \nPakistan Journal of Medical & Cardiological Review  \n[https://pakjmcr.com/index.php/1/about](https://pakjmcr.com/index.php/1/about)  \nOnline ISSN Print ISSN  \n\n| Badshah et al -2026 | 3007-2387 |  | 3007-2379 |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nPHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PISTACIA INTEGERMA AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS  \nKhaista Badshah  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. aimalkhan2296@gmail.com)[ aimalkhan2296@gmail.com](Pakistan. aimalkhan2296@gmail.com)  \nMuhammad Saqib Ishaq  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. saqib.ishaq@abasyn.edu.pk)[ saqib.ishaq@abasyn.edu.pk](Pakistan. saqib.ishaq@abasyn.edu.pk)  \nRida e Zainab Kayani  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. rida.kayani@abasyn.edu.pk)[ rida.kayani@abasyn.edu.pk](Pakistan. rida.kayani@abasyn.edu.pk)  \nMuhammad Zahoor  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. zahooalam950@gmail.com)[ zahooalam950@gmail.com](Pakistan. zahooalam950@gmail.com)  \nAnmol Rustum  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. anmol33559@gmail.com)[ anmol33559@gmail.com](Pakistan. anmol33559@gmail.com)  \nShumaila Jamshed  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. Shumaila.jamshed@abasyn.edu.pk)[ Shumaila.jamshed@abasyn.edu.pk](Pakistan. Shumaila.jamshed@abasyn.edu.pk)  \nSyeda Farishta Saba Shah*  \nDepartment of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, [Pakistan.](Pakistan. farishta.shah@hotmail.com)[ farishta.shah@hotmail.com](Pakistan. farishta.shah@hotmail.com)  \nVol. 5 No. 1 (2026)  \nPakistan Journal of Medical & Cardiological Review  \n[https://pakjmcr.com/index.php/1/about](https://pakjmcr.com/index.php/1/about)  \nOnline ISSN Print ISSN  \n\n| Badshah et al -2026 | 3007-2387 |  | 3007-2379 |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18640445](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18640445)  \n\n| Author Details |\n| --- |\n| Keywords: |\n| \u003Cbr>Received on 14 Dec, 2025\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Accepted on 29 Jan, 2026 Published on 13 Feb, 2026 |\n| \u003Cbr>Corresponding E-mails &\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Authors*: |\n| Syeda Farishta Saba Shah\u003Cbr>[farishta.shah@hotmail.com](farishta.shah@hotmail.com) |\n\nAbstract  \nABSTRACT  \nResistance against drugs has been developed as a result of the overuse and misuse of antimicrobial drugs. Pistacia integerrima is an important medicinal plant and a member of family Anacardiaceae and subfamily Anacardioideae. It is a dioecious tree that is native to Asia specifically Pakistan, East Afghanistan and North and West Himalaya to Kumaon. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the galls of P. integerrima against bacteria isolated from  \nurinary tract infections. A total of 36 urine samples were collected from the infected individuals. They were processed according to the standard procedures. Gram staining and different biochemical tests were performed for confirmation of organisms i.e. Catalase, Oxidase, Coagulase, TSI (Triple Sugar Iron), Urease, Indole and Citrate Tests. It was observed that the E. coli (33%) was the most predominant specie isolated from UTI patients followed by Proteus spp. (22%) . Pseudomonas spp. accounted for 19% whereas Bacillus for 13.8% . The phytochemical analysis of the plant was done and it was ascertained that alkaloids were present in galls-extracts, obtained with ethanol, methanol and water. Flavonoids and tannins were present in ethanolic and aqueous extract whereas absent in methanolic extract. However, saponins were not found in all the tested extrac","cbCaiiczvF3t0xwq","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiczvF3t0xwq","pdf",397604,24,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Background of antimicrobial resistance\n## Need for new antibacterial strategies\n## Role of medicinal plants","[{\"question\":\"What was the goal of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Pistacia integerrima galls against bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the bacterial isolates identified?\",\"answer\":\"Urine samples were processed with standard procedures, including Gram staining and biochemical tests such as catalase, oxidase, coagulase, and others for confirmation.\"},{\"question\":\"Which bacterial species were most predominant in UTIs?\",\"answer\":\"E. coli was the most predominant isolate (33%), followed by Proteus spp. (22%), Pseudomonas spp. (19%), and Bacillus (13.8%).\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main findings about antibacterial activity and phytochemicals?\",\"answer\":\"Alkaloids were present in ethanol, methanol, and water extracts, while flavonoids and tannins were present in ethanolic and aqueous extracts but absent in methanolic extract. Bacillus spp. showed the highest inhibition zones, and the best results occurred at 100 µl concentration.\"}]","PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PISTACIA INTEGERMA AGAINST MULTI DRUG RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS | PDF",1790488199]