[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-434541-105":59,"doc-detail-434541-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","physiological-basis-for-recommending-changes-to-the-physical-activity-guidelines","Physiological basis for recommending changes to the physical activity guidelines","","The commentary explains why mortality risk declines rapidly when sedentary people become more active, despite the public health message that any physical activity is better than none. It reviews evidence from exercise physiology and inactivity physiology, showing that being less inactive can be more critical than increasing activity, and that reducing inactivity enables added health benefits. Recommendations include timed training to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, strength work for older adults to limit sarcopenia effects, and effort perception methods for prescribing exercise, with both inactivity reduction and activity promotion required across ages.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/physiological-basis-for-recommending-changes-to-the-physical-activity-guidelines/434541/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/physiological-basis-for-recommending-changes-to-the-physical-activity-guidelines/434541.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does mortality risk drop rapidly when sedentary people become more active?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The commentary argues the rapid decline is linked to reducing physical inactivity, which has unique negative metabolic consequences rather than being the same as doing no physical activity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Is being less inactive more important than becoming more active?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Yes. For sedentary people, the text emphasizes that reducing inactivity can be more critical than increasing activity level, while active people can further benefit by reducing inactivity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What exercise and strength recommendations are highlighted in the guideline discussion?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Adults are advised to do vigorous aerobic and strength training and to limit the gap between exercise sessions (within two days) to support insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and muscle enzyme activation. Older adults should emphasize strength exercises to minimize aging-related sarcopenia.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},434541,1790730000,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Sports Medicine and Health Science 7 (2025) 432–437  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nSports Medicine and Health Science  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/smhs)[ www.keaipublishing.com/smhs](homepage: www.keaipublishing.com/smhs)  \nCommentary  \nPhysiological basis for recommending changes to the physical activity guidelines  \nA R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T  \nKeywords Guidelines Inactivity  \nCarbohydrate metabolism Fat metabolism  \nMuscle fiber types Ventilatory threshold  \nThe rapid drop in mortality risk as people become more active has been known for some time. While the public health message is clear (i.e., that any physical activity [PA] is better than no PA), no acceptable explanation as to why this rapid drop in mortality occurs is available. Without an explanation, providing specific answers as to what sedentary people should do to optimize health remains difficult. Research findings from studies on exercise physiology and inactivity physiology show why a lack of understanding of the importance of regular exercise or for becoming physically active exists. These findings also show how new knowledge can modify present PA guidelines. With sedentary people, being less inactive is more critical than becoming more active. Active people can also reduce their inactivity and achieve greater health benefits. Adults doing more vigorous aerobic and strength training achieve greater health benefits. No more than two days should elapse between exercise sessions 1) to improve insulin sensitivity and improve glucose tolerance, and 2) to activate muscle enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase to reduce postprandial lipemia. Older adults should do more strength exercises to minimize the effects of aging on sarcopenia. Subjective perception of effort is an easy, useful way to prescribe exercise. Being less inactive and more active are both important lifestyle considerations, and both must be promoted to all age groups.  \n1. Introduction  \nStrong evidence supports that individuals who meet the goals of the physical activity (PA) guidelines have lower death rates than individuals who do not.1 Previous guidelines were heavily based on epidemiological research.2 However, because epidemiological research evaluates trendsand associations and because associations do not infer causation, the PA guidelines are not necessarily based on mechanisms. Without known or hypothesized mechanisms, studies determining which variables are involved and their relative importance in the desired outcome are difficult to find (e.g., how frequency, intensity, duration, and type of PA might affect health and mortality).  \nOne purpose of this commentary is to examine the scientific findings from the perspective of exercise physiology and inactivity physiology. This commentary also examines how new knowledge provides insights into better understanding the mechanisms in promoting regular PA for healthier lifestyles, and how new insights can influence PA guidelines.  \n2. Why does a rapid drop in mortality occur when sedentary people become more active?  \nA good example of the problems associated with a lack of information on possible mechanisms linking PA to optimal health is the finding that the least active adult mortality rates are high. High mortality rates drop rapidly as individuals become less inactive and tend to level off in the most active.3 (Fig. 1) Other studies4,5 report a drop in mortality when inactive people add 2 000 to 3 000 steps to their daily PA; this  \nchange corresponds to walking 1–1.5 miles in 20–30 minutes (min). Why this small amount of moderate-intensity PA has such a strong effect on mortality is unclear. Nonetheless, this finding suggests adding PA asthe primary factor to improve health and reduce mortality.  \nWhile the public health message is clear (i.e., any PA is better than none), a good explanation as to why this rapid decrease in health risk occurs with increased PA remains elusive, especially at lo","cbCaijA4l0CDkV5G","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijA4l0CDkV5G","pdf",2453877,"English","# Introduction\n# Why does a rapid drop in mortality occur when sedentary people become more active?","[{\"question\":\"Why does mortality risk drop rapidly when sedentary people become more active?\",\"answer\":\"The commentary argues the rapid decline is linked to reducing physical inactivity, which has unique negative metabolic consequences rather than being the same as doing no physical activity.\"},{\"question\":\"Is being less inactive more important than becoming more active?\",\"answer\":\"Yes. For sedentary people, the text emphasizes that reducing inactivity can be more critical than increasing activity level, while active people can further benefit by reducing inactivity.\"},{\"question\":\"What exercise and strength recommendations are highlighted in the guideline discussion?\",\"answer\":\"Adults are advised to do vigorous aerobic and strength training and to limit the gap between exercise sessions (within two days) to support insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and muscle enzyme activation. Older adults should emphasize strength exercises to minimize aging-related sarcopenia.\"}]","Physiological basis for recommending changes to the physical activity guidelines | PDF",1790669759,15]