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Read through the notes and attempt the activities. | Refer to the relevant digital resources e.g. links on the WCED ePortal of previous lessons.\u003Cbr>Use the links indicated to watch the following videos:\u003Cbr>• The Periodic Table: Atomic Radius, Ionisation Energy and Electronegativity\u003Cbr>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hePb00CqvP0](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hePb00CqvP0)\u003Cbr>• Ionisation energy and atomic radius\u003Cbr>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mmti4kKDcqA](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mmti4kKDcqA)\u003Cbr>• Valence electrons and the Periodic Table\u003Cbr>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yADrWdNTWEc](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yADrWdNTWEc) |\n\n\n| INTRODUCTION | From the previous lesson, you have to:\u003Cbr>• Complete the Aufbau diagrams of elements and know how to identify the energy levels etc.\u003Cbr>• Be able to write the electronic structure of atoms in different ways\u003Cbr>In this lesson, you will learn more about the Periodic Table:\u003Cbr>• How the elements are arranged – in terms of increasing atomic numbers\u003Cbr>• The difference between Groups and Periods\u003Cbr>• How to identify core and valence electrons\u003Cbr>• The trends displayed by elements of the Periodic Table\u003Cbr>• Properties of some of the groups of elements\u003Cbr>• Where the metals, metalloids and non-metals are found |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| CONCEPTS AND SKILLS | THE STRUCTURE OF THE PERIODIC TABLE\u003Cbr>The periodic table displays the elements in order of increasing number of protons (or ascending atomic number) .\u003Cbr>GROUPS:\u003Cbr>Elements are arranged in 18 vertical columns called groups that are numbered 1–18. Traditionally, the groups were numbered using Roman numerals (I -VIII) and these can still be seen on periodic tables. Some of the groups have names. The names are listed in the Table below.\u003Cbr>GROUP NUMBER COMMON NAME MODERN TRADITIONAL 1 I Alkali metals 2 II Alkali-Earth metals 7 VII Halogens 8 VIII Noble gases\u003Cbr>PERIODS: | CAN YOU?\u003Cbr>Identify the concepts/skills that learners should be able to do.\u003Cbr>(1) Find an element on the Periodic Table when given the Group and Period numbers?\u003Cbr>(2) Write the definitions of group numbers and periods of the Periodic Table?\u003Cbr>(3) Explain the difference between core and valence electrons? |\n\n\n|  | The seven horizontal rows in the periodic table are called periods. The periods are numbered 1–7 from top to bottom.\u003Cbr>The first period contains only two elements: hydrogen and helium.\u003Cbr>WORKED EXAMPLES:\u003Cbr>1. Aluminium (Al) is found in Group 13 (III) and period 3.\u003Cbr>2. Oxygen (O) is found in Group 16 (VI) and period 2.\u003Cbr>THE PERIODIC TABLE AND ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS\u003Cbr>Groups and periods organise all the elements with related electron configurations together.\u003Cbr>Electrons are arranged in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom.\u003Cbr>CORE electrons-are the electrons closest to the nucleus.\u003Cbr>VALENCE electrons – are the electrons in the outermost/last energy level.\u003Cbr>Example 1 :\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>The lithium atom (Li) has 2 CORE electrons and 1 VALENCE electron. | (4) See that the element – because of its number of valence electrons – belong to a specific group on the Periodic Table?\u003Cbr>(5) Compare the last energy level and the period that the elements are f","cbCaisDHyLCH7W5z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisDHyLCH7W5z","pdf",253686,"English","# Aims of the lesson\n# Introduction and prior knowledge\n# Concepts and skills\n## The structure of the periodic table\n## Groups and periods\n## Core and valence electrons\n## Worked examples\n## Energy levels and period numbers\n## Periodicity in properties of elements","[{\"question\":\"What should learners understand about the structure of the Periodic Table?\",\"answer\":\"Learners must understand that elements are arranged in increasing atomic number (protons). They should be able to distinguish groups and periods and describe how electron arrangements relate to chemical properties.\"},{\"question\":\"How do core electrons and valence electrons differ?\",\"answer\":\"Core electrons are the electrons closest to the nucleus, while valence electrons are in the outermost (last) energy level. Valence electrons help determine an element’s group and related properties.\"},{\"question\":\"What trends are studied when moving across periods and down groups?\",\"answer\":\"The lesson focuses on periodicity in properties, especially trends in atomic radius, ionisation energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, along with reactivity patterns in selected groups.\"}]","Physical Sciences Grade 10 - Term 1 - Week 5 - Matter and Materials: Periodic Table | PDF",1792973641,25]