[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-208257-en":3,"doc-seo-208257-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":11,"language":21,"language_code":22,"site_id":23,"html_lang":22,"table_of_contents":24,"faqs":25,"seo_title":26,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},208257,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",4,"Exam","Physical Landscapes in the UK - Glossary of Definitions","AQA Geography GCSE glossary defining key physical landscapes and processes in the UK. Terms cover erosion mechanisms such as abrasion, attrition, corrasion, hydraulic action, freeze-thaw, and chemical weathering, alongside landscape features including drainage basins, estuaries, floodplains, salt marshes, spits, and sand dunes. It also explains coastal management strategies (hard and soft management), river engineering terms, and related transport concepts like longshore drift, saltation, suspension, and traction.","AQA Geography GCSE  \n# Physical Landscapes in the UKGlossary of Definitions\n\n# Glossary of Definitions - Physical Landscapes\n\nAbrasion - A form of erosion where loose material and sediment‘sandpapers’the walls and floorsof the river, cliff or glacier.  \nAttrition - Rocks bang against eachother chipping away to make smaller, smoother rocks.Backshore - The upper beach closest to theland, including any cliffs or sand dunes.  \nBeach Nourishment - The addition of sand and sediment to an eroding beach by humans. Thenew material will be eroded by the sea which saves the cliffs or sand dunes from erosion andrecession.  \nBiological Weathering - Rocks are broken apart by vegetation and roots, or chemical reactionsfrom animal faeces erodes the rock face.  \nCorrasion - A form of mechanical erosion where material and sediment in the sea is flung at thecliff-face as waves break against it, this breaks up the rocks making up the cliff.  \nChemical Weathering - Where the weak acid in rainwater dissolves chemical compounds in therock.  \nDrainage Basin - The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.  \nDredging - Rubbish and sediment are dug up from the bottom of the river.  \nEmbankments - The banks of the river are built up in brick and concrete, to increase the channelcapacity.  \nEstuary - The point at where the river meets an ocean, often muddy or silty. Sometimes estuariesbecome exposed at low tide or hazardous to traverse in a boat due to sandbanks.  \nFetch - The length of water over which the wind has travelled.  \nFloodplain - The low lying and wide floor of a river valley. Floodplains are found in the lowercourse and tend to act as overspill forthe river when its channel is full.  \nFloodplain Zoning - Controlling where houses and buildings are built relative to the river to reducetheir risk of flooding.  \nFreeze Thaw - A form of physical sub-aerial weathering where water freezes in the cracksof arock, expandsand enlarges the crack. This weakens the rock overtime leavingit more open toerosion.  \nGeology - The physical structure and arrangement of a rock.  \nGroyne - A form of hard-engineering. Low-lying concrete or wooden walls, constructedperpendicular to the seafront and run out to sea. They encourage the trapping of sediment toreduce erosion caused by longshore drift or by winds.  \nHard Management - The use of concrete structures to reduce or halt the recession of a coastline.Includes: Groynes, Sea Walls, Rock Armour.  \nHighlands - An area of land that is at a high elevation and tends to have a larger relief.  \nHydraulic Action - The pressure of compressed air forced into cracks in a rock face will cause therock to weaken and break apart.  \nImpermeable - A rock that does not allow water to pass through it.  \nLevee - The banks of the river.  \nLongshore Drift - The transportation of sediment along a beach. Longshore Drift is determined bythe direction of the prevailing wind.  \nLowlands - An area of land that has a small relief, so tends to be flat and at a low elevation.  \nMass Movement - Where there is a large downhill movement of material usually from a cliff-face.Here, the rock is often weak due to erosion andthe movement is caused by gravity.  \nMechanical Weathering - Sometimes called physical weathering, this isthe breakdown of rocksdue to forces, not chemical reactions.  \nPermeable - A rock that allows water to pass through it.  \nRelief - The difference in the height of land for a particular region. A large relief means a regionhas a large difference between the lowest and highest points.  \nRock Armour - Large rocks or concrete blocks, used as barricades to reduce marine erosion atthe base of cliffs.  \nSaltation - A form of transportation where smaller sediment bounces along the sea bed pushed bycurrents. This sediment is too heavy to be picked up by the flow of the water.  \nSalt Marsh - In sheltered bays or behind spits, salt and minerals will build up. Vegetation mayestablish, furtherstabilising the marsh.  \nSand Dune - A","cbCaimimCCwQn3ll","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimimCCwQn3ll","pdf",164213,1,"English","en",105,"# Glossary of Definitions - Physical Landscapes","[{\"question\":\"What are the main types of erosion described in the glossary?\",\"answer\":\"The glossary explains abrasion, attrition, corrasion, hydraulic action, and weathering processes including freeze-thaw and chemical weathering.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the glossary define hard and soft coastal management?\",\"answer\":\"Hard management uses concrete or hard structures such as sea walls, groynes, and rock armour. Soft management focuses on natural, sustainable approaches like beach nourishment, managed retreat, and encouraging sand dunes.\"},{\"question\":\"Which terms explain how water and sediment move through rivers and coasts?\",\"answer\":\"It defines processes including drainage basin, thalweg, fetch and storm hydrograph, plus sediment transport terms such as longshore drift, saltation, suspension, and traction.\"}]","Physical Landscapes in the UK - Glossary of Definitions | PDF",1788603150,10,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":23,"language":22,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"physical-landscapes-in-the-uk-glossary-of-definitions","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,52,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":11},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/physical-landscapes-in-the-uk-glossary-of-definitions/208257/",{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":53,"author":54,"headline":13,"publisher":56,"fileFormat":59,"inLanguage":22,"description":14,"dateModified":60,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":59,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":55},"Person",{"url":40,"name":57,"@type":58},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-06","2026-09-05",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What are the main types of erosion described in the glossary?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"The glossary explains abrasion, attrition, corrasion, hydraulic action, and weathering processes including freeze-thaw and chemical weathering.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"How does the glossary define hard and soft coastal management?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"Hard management uses concrete or hard structures such as sea walls, groynes, and rock armour. Soft management focuses on natural, sustainable approaches like beach nourishment, managed retreat, and encouraging sand dunes.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"Which terms explain how water and sediment move through rivers and coasts?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"It defines processes including drainage basin, thalweg, fetch and storm hydrograph, plus sediment transport terms such as longshore drift, saltation, suspension, and traction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":57,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":23},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,103,108,113,118,123,128,131,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},70,"exam",{"id":104,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":105,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":107},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":109,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":110,"show_sort_weight":111,"slug":112},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":114,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":115,"show_sort_weight":116,"slug":117},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":119,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":28,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":28,"slug":133},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]