[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-217204-en":3,"doc-seo-217204-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":97},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},217204,549758252649,"Ivy","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819",8,"Research & Report","Phylogenetic Systematics of Hylodidae - Doctoral Thesis","Hylodidae comprises 46 diurnal torrentfrog species across three genera (Crossodactylus, Hylodes, Megaelosia) and is endemic to the Atlantic Rain Forest. The study reviews current hylodid systematics using total-evidence phylogenetics that combines morphological characters (293) with molecular markers (four mitochondrial and five nuclear genes) to infer relationships and test monophyly of valid taxa. Results recover a monophyletic family and genera, identify synapomorphies from vocal sac morphology, and reconstruct biogeographic origins and allopatric speciation among river basins.","Rachel Montesinos Martins Pereira  \nPhylogenetic Systematics of Hylodidae  \n(Amphibia: Anura)  \nSistemática filogenética de Hylodidae (Amphibia: Anura)  \nTese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção de Título de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas, na Área de Zoologia.  \nOrientador: Taran Grant  \nSão Paulo  \nRESUMO  \nHylodidae é composta por 46 espécies distribuídas em três gêneros: Crossodactylus (14 spp), Hylodes (25 spp) e Megaelosia (7 spp) . Essas rãs-decorredeiras são diurnas e associadas à ambientes encachoeiradas ao longo da Mata Atlântica. O alto nível de especificacidade à esses habitats observado nesse grupo parece estar relacionado com a morfologia externa extremamente conservada ; entretanto, outras fontes de evidências tem provado ser úteis para distinção de espécies. Meu estudo foi designado para revisar o status atual da sistemática dos hilodídeos através de uma análise de evidência total que representa o máximo de espécies (e populações) possíveis; confirmar o monofiletismo dos taxa válidosatualmente; avaliar a história evolutiva de alguns caracteres; e reconstruir mudanças biogeográficas na distribuição de Hylodidae. Minha análise de evidência total incluiudados morfológicos (293 caracteres) e moleculares (quatro genes mitocondriais e cinco genes nucleares) para 34371 terminais de hilodídeos mais 45 terminais de grupo externo, resultando em 713 árvores mais parcimoniosas com 32.405 passos. Eurecuperei Hylodidae e todos os seus gêneros como monofiléticos e reconheci 59 linhagens dentro da família. Três sinapomorfias putativas foram identificadas para Hylodidae baseadas na morfologia do saco vocal (saco vocal externo duplo, saco vocal interno duplo e abertura no m. interhyoideus por onde o divertículo passa) . Análises da distribuição dos hilodídeos revelaram a origem de Hylodidae na bacia Atlântico Leste com subsequentes especiações alopátricas em bacias subjacentes.  \nABSTRACT  \nHylodidae is composed of 46 species distributed in three genera: Crossodactylus (14 spp), Hylodes (25 spp), and Megaelosia (7 spp) . These torrentfrogs are diurnal and associated with riverine habitats throughout the Atlantic Rain Forest. The high degree of habitat specificity observed in this group seems to be associated with an extremely conservative external morphology; however, other sources of evidence have been proved useful to distinguish species. My study was designed to review the status of the current hylodid systematics, performing a total evidence analysis that represents as many species (and populations) as possible; confirm the monophyly of currently valid nominal taxa; investigate the evolutionary history of some morphological characters; and reconstruct biogeographical changes in the distribution of hylodids. My total evidence analysis included morphological (293 characters) and molecular data (four mitochondrial and five nuclear genes) for up to 371 hylodid terminals plus 45 outgroups, and resulted in 713 most parsimonious trees. I recovered Hylodidae and its compounding genera as monophyletic, and recognized 58 lineages within this family. Three synapomorphies were identified for Hylodidae based on vocal sac morphology (external double vocal sac, internal double vocal sac, and opening of the m. interhyoideus through which the diverticulum passes) . Analysis of the distribution of hylodids revealed the origin of this frog family in the East Atlantic river basin, with subsequent allopatric speciation in adjacent basins.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nHylodidae Günther, 1858 is composed of 46 frog species allocated in three genera: Hylodes Fitzinger, 1826 (25 species), Crossodactylus Duméril and Bibron, 1841 (14 species), and Megaelosia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923 (seven species) (Frost 2016; Figure 1) . This family is endemic to the Atlantic Rain Forest, distributed from Alagoas, northeastern Brazil, to Rio Grande do Sul and Misiones, in southern Brazil and northern Argentina, respectively (Frost 20","cbCaipeZgfO6Bhh5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipeZgfO6Bhh5","pdf",18301583,2,1,36,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Taxonomic context and distribution\n## Ecology and habitat specificity\n# Results from total-evidence analysis","[{\"question\":\"How many Hylodidae species and which genera are included in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study addresses 46 species distributed among three genera: Crossodactylus (14 spp), Hylodes (25 spp), and Megaelosia (7 spp).\"},{\"question\":\"What data types and markers are used for the total-evidence phylogenetic analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The analysis combines morphological data (293 characters) with molecular data from four mitochondrial genes and five nuclear genes.\"},{\"question\":\"What key conclusions does the analysis reach about evolutionary relationships and biogeography?\",\"answer\":\"The results recover Hylodidae and its constituent genera as monophyletic, identify synapomorphies based on vocal sac morphology, and indicate an origin in the East Atlantic river basin followed by allopatric speciation in adjacent basins.\"}]","Phylogenetic Systematics of Hylodidae - Doctoral Thesis | PDF",1788831492,91,{"code":4,"msg":32,"data":33},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":34,"title":13,"keywords":35,"description":14,"schema_data":36,"social_meta":92,"head_meta":94,"extra_data":96,"updated_unix":29},"phylogenetic-systematics-of-hylodidae-doctoral-thesis","",{"@graph":37,"@context":91},[38,54,74],{"@type":39,"itemListElement":40},"BreadcrumbList",[41,45,48,51],{"item":42,"name":43,"@type":44,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":46,"name":47,"@type":44,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":44,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":44,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/phylogenetic-systematics-of-hylodidae-doctoral-thesis/217204/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"image":56,"author":61,"headline":13,"publisher":63,"fileFormat":66,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":67,"datePublished":68,"encodingFormat":66,"isAccessibleForFree":69,"interactionStatistic":70},"DigitalDocument",{"url":57,"@type":58,"width":59,"height":60},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/phylogenetic-systematics-of-hylodidae-doctoral-thesis/217204.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":9,"@type":62},"Person",{"url":42,"name":64,"@type":65},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-11","2026-09-08",true,{"@type":71,"interactionType":72,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":73},"ViewAction",{"@type":75,"mainEntity":76},"FAQPage",[77,83,87],{"name":78,"@type":79,"acceptedAnswer":80},"How many Hylodidae species and which genera are included in the study?","Question",{"text":81,"@type":82},"The study addresses 46 species distributed among three genera: Crossodactylus (14 spp), Hylodes (25 spp), and Megaelosia (7 spp).","Answer",{"name":84,"@type":79,"acceptedAnswer":85},"What data types and markers are used for the total-evidence phylogenetic analysis?",{"text":86,"@type":82},"The analysis combines morphological data (293 characters) with molecular data from four mitochondrial genes and five nuclear genes.",{"name":88,"@type":79,"acceptedAnswer":89},"What key conclusions does the analysis reach about evolutionary relationships and biogeography?",{"text":90,"@type":82},"The results recover Hylodidae and its constituent genera as monophyletic, identify synapomorphies based on vocal sac morphology, and indicate an origin in the East Atlantic river basin followed by allopatric speciation in adjacent basins.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":93,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":64,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":95,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":98},[99,103,107,111,116,121,126,129,134,137,141],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":100,"show_sort_weight":101,"slug":102},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":104,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":106},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":108,"show_sort_weight":109,"slug":110},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":112,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":113,"show_sort_weight":114,"slug":115},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":118,"show_sort_weight":119,"slug":120},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":122,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":123,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":125},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":127,"slug":128},30,"research-report",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":133},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":136},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":138,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":139,"show_sort_weight":138,"slug":140},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":142,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":47,"category_name":143,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":144},19,"General","general"]