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PDT is presented as a minimally invasive treatment that uses photosensitizers and specific light wavelengths to trigger targeted tumor cell death. The article summarizes advances in mechanistic understanding, protocol optimization, and improved CRC efficacy. Key developments include novel photosensitizers, light sources, and delivery methods, alongside discussion of ongoing research into combination therapies and nanotechnology-based approaches.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/photodynamic-therapy-for-colorectal-cancer-an-update-and-a-look-to-the-future/383925/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/photodynamic-therapy-for-colorectal-cancer-an-update-and-a-look-to-the-future/383925.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is photodynamic therapy (PDT) for colorectal cancer based on?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"PDT relies on administering photosensitizers and applying specific light wavelengths to induce targeted cell death in tumor tissues.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which key areas does the review highlight regarding PDT development for CRC?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It highlights progress in understanding mechanisms, optimizing treatment protocols, and improving efficacy through advances in photosensitizers, light sources, and delivery methods.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What future directions are discussed for PDT in colorectal cancer?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review discusses ongoing research into combination therapies and nanotechnology-based approaches, aiming to expand PDT’s clinical potential for CRC management.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},383925,1790318555,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Review  \nPhotodynamic Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: An Update and a Look to the Future  \nJos² A. Rodrigues 1,2, * and Jos² H. Correia 1,2  \nCitation: Rodrigues, J.A.; Correia, J.H. Photodynamic Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: An Update and a Look to the Future. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12204. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/ijms241512204](10.3390/ijms241512204)  \nAcademic Editor: Carmine Stolfi  \nReceived: 10 July 2023  \nRevised: 24 July 2023  \nAccepted: 27 July 2023  \nPublished: 30 July 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar¢es, Portugal; [higino.correia@dei.uminho.pt](higino.correia@dei.uminho.pt)  \n[2](2 LABBELS)[ LABBELS](2 LABBELS)—[Associate Laboratory](Associate Laboratory), [4800-122 Braga](4800-122 Braga), [Portugal](Portugal)  \n* [Correspondence: jrodrigues@dei.uminho.pt](Correspondence: jrodrigues@dei.uminho.pt)  \nAbstract: This review provides an update on the current state of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) and explores potential future directions in this field. PDT has emerged asa promising minimally invasive treatment modality that utilizes photosensitizers and specific light wavelengths to induce cell death in targeted tumor tissues. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the underlying mechanisms, optimizing treatment protocols, and improving the efficacy of PDT for CRC. This article highlights key advancements in PDT techniques, including novel photosensitizers, light sources, and delivery methods. Furthermore, it discusses ongoing research efforts and potential future directions, such as combination therapies and nanotechnology-based approaches. By elucidating the current landscape and providing insights into future directions, this review aims to guide researchers and clinicians in harnessing the full potential of PDT for the effective management of CRC.  \nKeywords: photodynamic therapy; colorectal cancer; photosensitizers; light sources; combination therapies; nanotechnology  \n1. Introduction  \nColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide (second most common cancer in women and third in men) and the second most common cause of cancer death. The widespread use of colonoscopy has led to an increase in the diagnosis of CRC in both early and late stages and a decrease in the mortality rate [1–3] . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, there were 1.93 million newly diagnosed cases of CRC worldwide, resulting in 916.000 deaths attributed to CRC [4] . Generally, in CRC, 71% are in the colon and 29% in the rectum. [1] . Several factors contribute to the development of CRC. Age (over 50 years old), family history of CRC, and certain inherited genetic conditions, such as Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), increase the risk. Lifestyle factors, including a low-fiber and high-fat diet, consumption of red meat, consumption of processed meat, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and smoking, are also risk factors for CRC [1–3] . CRC is categorized into four distinct stages. These stages provide information about the extent/spread of the disease and guide treatment decisions [5–7]:  \n􀀏 Stage 0: This is the earliest stage of CRC. At this stage, the abnormal cells are confined to the mucosa of the colon or rectum and have not spread to nearby tissues.  \n􀀏 Stage I: The primary polyps have grown through the mucosa of the colon or rectum and may have invaded the muscle layer. However, they have not spread to the lymph nodes or distant sites.  \n􀀏 Stage II: The cancer has spread beyond the muscle layer and may have in","cbCaij57wdNqUI89","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaij57wdNqUI89","pdf",737677,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Colorectal cancer burden and risk factors\n## CRC staging and clinical significance\n## Diagnosis and screening methods\n## Imaging and assistive technologies in colonoscopy\n# Photodynamic therapy update (overview)","[{\"question\":\"What is photodynamic therapy (PDT) for colorectal cancer based on?\",\"answer\":\"PDT relies on administering photosensitizers and applying specific light wavelengths to induce targeted cell death in tumor tissues.\"},{\"question\":\"Which key areas does the review highlight regarding PDT development for CRC?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights progress in understanding mechanisms, optimizing treatment protocols, and improving efficacy through advances in photosensitizers, light sources, and delivery methods.\"},{\"question\":\"What future directions are discussed for PDT in colorectal cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses ongoing research into combination therapies and nanotechnology-based approaches, aiming to expand PDT’s clinical potential for CRC management.\"}]","Photodynamic Therapy for Colorectal Cancer: An Update and a Look to the Future | PDF",1790260312,53]