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\njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pacs)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/pacs](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pacs)  \n| Photoacoustic imaging: An emerging tool for intraoperative margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery\u003Cbr>Zhijie Luo a,b,1 , Yiqiong Zheng b,1, Ruixi Sun c,d,e,1, Wenye Gongf,1,\u003Cbr>Jiayu Wang b,g, Guangwei Chen b,g, Ye Zhang b,g, Runqi Zhao b,g, Daohuai Jiang h,* , Fei Gao c,d,i,**, Xiru Li b,*\u003Cbr>a PLA General Hospital (PLA Medical School), Beijing 100853, China\u003Cbr>b Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China\u003Cbr>c School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China d Hybrid Imaging System Laboratory, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China e School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China\u003Cbr>f Civil Aviation Medical Center Physical Examination and Appraisal Institute, Beijing 100123, China g School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China\u003Cbr>h Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China\u003Cbr>i School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Photoacoustic imaging Breast cancer\u003Cbr>Breast-conserving surgery Tumor margin assessment |  | Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) synergizes light’s optical contrast with ultrasound’s penetration depth via the photoacoustic effect. Breast cancer remains a global challenge, particular demanding precise intraoperative tumor demarcation during breast-conserving surgery (BCS). PAI has the potential to address this need by enabling boundary delineation, promoting complete resection and healthy tissue preservation. This review summarizes breast cancer epidemiology and BCS’s clinical demands, highlighting PAI’s unique advantages for intraoperative use. PAI can dynamically monitor cellular/tissue morphology, blood oxygen saturation, vasculature, and tumor-associated calcifications, generating high-contrast tumor margin information. This real-time feedback enhances surgical precision, reduces recurrence rates, and improves breast aesthetics and patient quality of life. Despite translational challenges, PAI is poised to become a revolutionary tool for optimizing BCS outcomes. |\n\n1. Introduction  \n1.1. The global burden of breast cancer and the shift toward quality of life  \nBreast cancer, as the most prevalent malignancy among women globally, has shown a significant upward trend in incidence, severely threatening female patients’ health and quality of life. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were 2.3 million new breast cancer cases worldwide in 2020. Projections indicate this will exceed 3 million by 2040, with mortality reaching 1 million [1]. Notably, breast cancer incidence is increasingly affecting younger populations. In China,  \n14.6 % of patients are diagnosed under the age of 40, a proportion higher than in Western countries [2]. Despite rising incidence rates, mortality has declined steadily, with the 5-year overall survival rate for breast cancer patients in the United States reaching 91.2 % and 99.6 % for early-stage patients without lymph node metastasis. With prolonged survival, postoperative quality-of-life management and minimally invasive surgical techniques have become clinical priorities, particularly for younger patients who prioritize breast aesthetics.  \n* Corresponding authors.  \n** Corresponding author at: School of Biomedical Engineering, Divisio","cbCaic5waicBcNFA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaic5waicBcNFA","pdf",14446354,23,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## 1.1. The global burden of breast cancer and the shift toward quality of life\n## 1.2. Breast-conserving surgery and the critical challenge of margin assessment","[{\"question\":\"What problem in breast-conserving surgery does photoacoustic imaging target?\",\"answer\":\"It targets the need for precise intraoperative tumor demarcation and tumor margin assessment to support complete resection while preserving healthy tissue.\"},{\"question\":\"How does photoacoustic imaging generate tumor margin information?\",\"answer\":\"PAI combines optical contrast with ultrasound penetration using the photoacoustic effect, enabling high-contrast visualization and dynamic monitoring of relevant tissue and vascular features.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical benefits are described for using PAI intraoperatively?\",\"answer\":\"Real-time feedback is described as improving surgical precision, reducing recurrence rates, and supporting better breast aesthetics and patient quality of life.\"}]","Photoacoustic imaging: An emerging tool for intraoperative margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery | PDF",1790603393,58]