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It compares an emotion-driven person to a computer whose outputs he cannot read, emphasizing that emotions are not tools of cognition. The address warns that abandoning reason leaves only terror, then defends studying even flawed philosophical theories as a form of self-protection, truth, justice, freedom, and essential thinking.",{"@graph":69,"@context":114},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":15,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/literature/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/philosophy-who-needs-it-part-ii/429807/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/philosophy-who-needs-it-part-ii/429807.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Genevieve","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How should philosophy be studied according to the text?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It recommends studying philosophy like a detective story—following trails and implications while asking “Why?” and “How?” to uncover truth and falsehood.","Answer","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":116,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":118,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":120,"site_id":62},429807,1791388003,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":123},{"doc_id":120,"user_id":124,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":125,"doc_module":4,"category_id":14,"category_name":15,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":126,"file_id":127,"file_url":128,"file_type":129,"file_size":130,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":24,"language":131,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":132,"faqs":133,"seo_title":134,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":135,"read_time":39},1374391974585,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","m nlLETTER°  \nVol.III,No.8  \nJanuary 14,1974  \n# PHILOSOPHY:WHO NEEDS IT\n\n(An address given to the graduating class of the UnitedStates Military Academy at West Point on March 6,1974.)  \n# Part II\n\nMany people,particularly today,claim that man cannot live by logic alone,thatthere's the emotional element of his nature to consider,and that they rely on theguidance of their emotions.  Well,so did the astronaut in my story.The joke is onhim -and on them:man's values and emotions are determined by his fundamental view oflife.  The ultimate programmer of his subconscious is philosophy -the science which,according to the emotionalists,is impotent to affect or penetrate the murky mysteriesof their feelings.  \nThe quality of a computer's output is determined by the quality of its input.If your subconscious is programmed by chance,its output will have a correspondingcharacter.You have probably heard the computer operators'eloquent term \"gigo\"-which means:\"Garbage in,garbage out.\"The same formula applies to the relationshipbetween a man's thinking and his emotions.  \nA man who is run by emotions is like a man who is run by a computer whose print-outs he cannot read.He does not know whether its programming is true or false,rightor wrong,whether it's set to lead him to success or destruction,whether it serveshis goals or those of some evil,unknowable power.He is blind on two fronts:blindto the world around him and to his own inner world,unable to grasp reality or his ownmotives,and he is in chronic terror of both.Emotions are not tools of cognition.The men who are not interested in philosophy need it most urgently:they are mosthelplessly in its power.  \nThe men who are not interested in philosophy absorb its principles from the cul-tural atmosphere around them -from schools,colleges,books,magazines,newspapers,movies,television,etc.  Who sets the tone of a culture?A small handful of men:thephilosophers.Others follow their lead,either by conviction or by default.For sometwo hundred years,under the influence of Immanuel Kant,the dominant trend of philos-ophy has been directed to a single goal:the destruction of man's mind,of his confi-dence in the power of reason.Today,we are seeing the climax of that,trend.  \nWhen men abandon reason,they find not only that their emotions cannot guidethem,but that they can experience no emotions save one:terror.The spread of drugaddiction among young people brought up on today's intellectual fashions,demonstrates  \nthe unbearable inner state of men who are deprived of their means of cognition andwho seek escape from reality -from the terror of their impotence to deal with ex-istence.Observe these young people's dread of independence and their frantic de-sire to \"belong,\"to attach themselves to some group,clique or gang.Most of themhave never heard of philosophy,but they sense that they need some fundamental an-swers to questions they dare not ask -and they hope that the tribe will tell themhow to live.  They are ready to be taken over by any witch doctor,guru,or dicta-tor.one of the most dangerous things a man can do is to surrender his moral au-tonomy to others:like the astronaut in my story,he does not know whether they arehuman,even though they walk on two feet.  \nNow you may ask:If philosophy can be that evil,why should one study it?Particularly,why should one study the philosophical theories which are blatantlyfalse,make no sense,and bear no relation to real life?  \nMy answer is:In self-protection -and in defense of truth,justice,freedom,and any value you ever held or may ever hold.  \nNot all philosophies are evil,though too many of them are,particularly inmodern history.On the other hand,at the root of every civilized achievement,suchas science,technology,progress,freedom -at the root of every value we enjoy to-day,including the birth of this country -you will find the achievement of one man,who lived over two thousand years ago:Aristotle.  \nIf you feel nothing but boredom when reading the virtually uni","cbCaimKrUWhwHwVg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimKrUWhwHwVg","pdf",2057715,"English","# PHILOSOPHY: WHO NEEDS IT\n## Part II","[{\"question\":\"How should philosophy be studied according to the text?\",\"answer\":\"It recommends studying philosophy like a detective story—following trails and implications while asking “Why?” and “How?” to uncover truth and falsehood.\"}]","PHILOSOPHY: WHO NEEDS IT - Part II | PDF",1790651225]