[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-152907-en":3,"doc-seo-152907-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":11,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},152907,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",2,"Literature","Philosophical Investigations - Ludwig Wittgenstein","A collection of philosophical remarks presented as sketches from extended investigations across meaning, understanding, propositions, logic, foundations of mathematics, states of consciousness, and related themes. The author explains that the work resists a single, forced direction and instead moves between subjects in a natural order, without breaks. After failed attempts to unify results into a continuous whole, the book is presented as an “album,” revisiting the same points from different perspectives and revising which sketches are kept.","# LUDWIG WITTGENSTEINPHILOSOPHICALINVESTIGATIONS\n\nBlackwell  \nPubl shing  \n# PHILOSOPHICALINVESTIGATIONS\n\nBy  LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN  \nTranslated by  \nG.E.M.ANSCOMBE  \nBASIL BLACKWELL  \nCopyright o Basil Blackwell Lid 1958  \nFirst published 1953Second edition 1958Reprint of English text alone 1963  \nThird edition of English and German text with index 1967Reprint of English text with index 1968,1972,1974,1976,19781981,1986  \nBasil Blackwell Ltd108 Cowley Road,Oxford,OX41JF,UK  \nAll rights reserved.Except for the quotation of short passages for thepurposes oferiticism and review,no part of this publicntion may bereproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any formor by any means,eleetronie,mechanical,photocopying,recording orotherwise,without the prior permission ofthe publisher.  \nExcept in the United States ofAmerica,this book is sold to thecondition that it shall not,by way of trade or otherwisebe lent,ra-sold,hired out,or otherwise circulated without the publisher's priorconsent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it ispublished and without a similar condition including this conditionbeing imposed on the suhsequent purchasr  \nBrisk Libnary Catalogring in Publication DataWittgenstein,Ludwig  \nPhilosophicnl investigations,—3rd ed,  \n1.Logie 2.Analysis(Philosophy)  \n1.Title160B3376.W563P53  \nISBN 0-631-11900-0  \nISBN 0-631-14670-9 Pbk  \nPrinted in Great Britain  \nTRANSLATOR'S NOTE  \nMY acknowledgments are duc to the following,who cither checkedthe translation or allowed me to consult them about German andAustrian usage or read the translation through and helped me toimprove the English:Mr.R.Rhecs,Professor G.H.von Wright,Mr.P.Geach,Mr.G.Kreisel,Miss L.Labowsky,Mr.D.Paul,Miss IMurdoch  \nNOTE TO SECOND EDITION  \nTHE text has been revised for the new edition.A large number ofsmall changes have been made in the English text.The followingpassages have been significantly altered:  \nIn Part I;§8108,109,116,189,193,251,284,352,360,393,418,426,442,456,493,520,556,582,591,644,690,692.  \nIn Part U:pp.1936,2iie,2i6e,2176,2206,2326.  \nThe text of the Thrd Edition remains unaltered,but an index hasbeen added.  \nEDITORS'NOTE  \nWHAT appears as Part I of this volume was complete by 1945.Part IIwas written between 1946 and 1949.If Wittgenstein had published hiswork himself,he would have suppressed a good deal of what is in thelast thirty pages or so of Part I and worked what is in Part II,withfurther material,into its place  \nWe have had o decide between variant readings for words andphrases throughout the manuseript.The choice never affected thescnsc.  \nThe passages printed beneath a line at the foot of some pages arewritten on slips which Wittgenstein had cut from other writings andinserted at these pages,without any further indication ofwhere theywere to come in.  \nWords standing between double brackets are Wittgenstein's refer-ences to remarks cither in this work or in other writings of his whichwe hope will appear later  \nWe are responsible for placing the final ragment of Part nin itspresent position.  \nG.E.MANSOOMBER.RHES  \nG.H.VON WRIGHT  \n## PREFACE\n\nTHE thoughts which I publish in what follows are the precipitate ofphilosophical investigations which have occupied me for the lastsixteen years.They concern many subjects:the concepts of meaning,of understanding,of a proposition,of logic,the foundations ofmathematics,states of consciousness,and other things.I have writtendown all these thoughts as remarks,short paragraphs,ofwhich there issometimes a fairly long chain about the same subject,while I some-times make a sudden change,jumping from one topic to another.—Itwas my intention at first to bring all this together in a book whoseform I pictured differently at different times.But the essential thingwas that the thoughts should proceed from one subject to anotherin a natural order and without breaks.  \nAfter several unsuccessful attempts to weld my results together intosuch a whole,I realized that I should ","cbCaie1lvFb4vhUF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaie1lvFb4vhUF","pdf",2166814,1,257,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n## Concepts and themes of the investigations\n## Form as an album of sketches\n## Publication history and relation to earlier work (Tractatus)","[{\"question\":\"What subjects does Wittgenstein say the book’s investigations concern?\",\"answer\":\"He lists meaning, understanding, propositions, logic, the foundations of mathematics, states of consciousness, and other related topics.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Wittgenstein abandon the idea of welding the results into a single whole?\",\"answer\":\"He believed he would never succeed, because his work would remain only philosophical remarks and his thoughts became “crippled” if forced into a single direction against their natural inclination.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author describe the overall structure of the book?\",\"answer\":\"He compares it to an album of sketches: the same points are approached repeatedly from different directions, with many sketches revised, rejected, or cut down to form a coherent picture of the “landscape.”\"}]","Philosophical Investigations - Ludwig Wittgenstein | 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subjects does Wittgenstein say the book’s investigations concern?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"He lists meaning, understanding, propositions, logic, the foundations of mathematics, states of consciousness, and other related topics.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"Why did Wittgenstein abandon the idea of welding the results into a single whole?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"He believed he would never succeed, because his work would remain only philosophical remarks and his thoughts became “crippled” if forced into a single direction against their natural inclination.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How does the author describe the overall structure of the book?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"He compares it to an album of sketches: the same points are approached repeatedly from different directions, with many sketches revised, rejected, or cut down to form a coherent picture of the 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