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com](www.yokogawa. com)  \nTable of Contents  \n1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 4  \n2 Basics on pH theory .......................................................................................................4  \n2.1 Concept of pH .........................................................................................................................4  \n2.2 The pH scale ........................................................................................................................... 5  \n2.3 Measuring the pH scale ........................................................................................................... 6  \n2.4 Principle of potentiometric pH measurement ................................................................................ 7  \n2.5 Hydrogen electrodes, the basic principle .................................................................................... 7  \n2.5.1 Composition of the glass electrode ..................................................................................... 9  \n2.5.2 Composition of the reference electrode ............................................................................... 9  \n2.5.3 The measuring circuit with a glass and a reference electrode .............................................. 10  \n2.5.4 More information about the glass electrode ........................................................................ 11  \n2.5.5 More information about the reference system ..................................................................... 12  \n2.5.6 Construction of the temperature Electrode .......................................................................... 15  \n2.5.7 The combined pH sensors ................................................................................................ 15  \n2.6 The effect of temperature ....................................................................................................... 16  \n2.7 Isolation resistance ................................................................................................................. 18  \n2.8 Buffer solutions ...................................................................................................................... 18  \n2.9 Periodic maintenance and calibration of pH sensors .................................................................. 19  \n2.10 Differential electrodes ............................................................................................................. 23  \n3 Basics on ORP ..............................................................................................................28  \n3.1 Concept of ORP .................................................................................................................... 28  \n3.2 The ORP Scale ...................................................................................................................... 28  \n3.3 Measuring the ORP Value ....................................................................................................... 29  \n3.4 Composition of the Measuring Electrode .................................................................................. 31  \n3.5 Composition of the Reference Electrode .................................................................................... 32  \n3.6 The Measuring Circuit ............................................................................................................ 32  \n3.7 Standard ORP vs pH Compensated ORP .................................................................................. 32  \n3.8 Standard Maintenance and Calibration .................................................................................... 33  \n2  \nTI12B00A20-01E  \nFirst Edition  \nMarch 2014  \nBack to ","cbCaim4u7qEcM7l9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim4u7qEcM7l9","pdf",5542102,72,"English","# Introduction\n# Basics on pH theory\n## Concept of pH\n## The pH scale\n## Measuring the pH scale\n## Principle of potentiometric pH measurement\n## Hydrogen electrodes, the basic principle\n# Basics on ORP\n## Concept of ORP\n## The ORP Scale\n## Measuring the ORP Value\n## Standard ORP vs pH Compensated ORP\n# Product & Features\n## Electronics/Transmitters/Converters\n## Sensors/Electrodes\n# Lifespan & storage of electrodes\n# Troubleshooting and diagnostic","[{\"question\":\"What topics are covered in the handbook’s pH theory section?\",\"answer\":\"It explains pH concepts and the pH scale, how pH is measured, potentiometric measurement principles, hydrogen electrode fundamentals, glass and reference electrode compositions, temperature effects, insulation resistance, buffer solutions, and maintenance/calibration of pH sensors.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the handbook describe ORP measurement?\",\"answer\":\"It covers ORP theory and its scale, measuring ORP value, measuring and reference electrode composition, the measuring circuit, and a comparison of standard ORP with pH-compensated ORP, including standard maintenance and calibration.\"},{\"question\":\"What troubleshooting issues and diagnostics does the handbook address?\",\"answer\":\"It lists common error sources such as cracked membranes, fouling and poisoning of the reference electrode, issues from damped or shorted electrode cables and connections, stray voltage interference, and errors due to poor installation.\"}]","pH and ORP Learning Handbook - TI12B00A20-01E - 1st edition | PDF",1791165177,181]