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Centrifugation supports extraction and purification of biomolecules, and repeatability depends on clear specification of gravitational force parameters such as duration, rotor distance, and angular velocity. A survey of 2000 articles shows velocity reported correctly in g units in only 47.8% overall and 40.4% for ecology-focused journals, motivating improved biochemistry training to raise reproducibility and transferability of protocols across laboratories.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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is centrifugation training important for students in environmental sciences?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Environmental science students often lack exposure to basic laboratory techniques, yet centrifugation is widely used to extract and purify biomolecules needed for downstream analyses.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Which centrifugation parameters determine repeatability of the procedure?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Repeatability depends on proper identification of parameters defining gravitational force, including duration, distance from the central axis, and angular velocity.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"How often do published papers report centrifugation velocity correctly?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"In a review of 2000 articles, centrifugation velocity was expressed correctly in gravitational force (g) in only 47.8% of papers, dropping to 40.4% in ecology-specialized 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for Better  \nLaboratory Training of Biologists  \nPierre Rioux 1, 2 (Corresponding author) and Pierre Blier 1, 3  \n1 Département de Biologie, de Chimie et de Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada, G5L 3A1, fax: 418-724-1525 [E-mail:](E-mail:2pierre_rioux@uqar.ca)[2](E-mail:2pierre_rioux@uqar.ca)[pierre_rioux@uqar.ca](E-mail:2pierre_rioux@uqar.ca) [and](and3 pierre_blier@uqar.ca)[3](and3 pierre_blier@uqar.ca)[ pierre_blier@uqar.ca](and3 pierre_blier@uqar.ca)  \nAbstract: Students in environmental sciences, ecology, or wildlife management are often reluctant to acquire training in basic laboratory techniques. To advocate the importance of this training, we reviewed literature in the fields of biological and environmental science for one frequently used technique—centrifugation—and evaluated whether centrifugation parameters are properly expressed. Centrifugation is used to extract and purify different types of biomolecules for further characterization or quantification. The repeatability of the procedure depends on the proper identification of parameters defining the gravitational force applied to a solution, for example the duration, distance from central axis, and angular velocity. Correctly expressing rotation velocity—the “speed”—is therefore crucial to ensuring repeatability and the possibility of using the same protocols in different laboratories. When scrutinizing the materials and methods sections of publications in ecology, zoology, botany, or general biology journals, we noticed that velocity is expressed in different ways and essential information is often missing. We sampled 2000 articles in different fields of biological sciences that recorded centrifugation as a technique in the materials and methods section. We found centrifugation velocity to be properly expressed in gravitational force “g” in only 47.8% of the papers. The score dropped to 40.4% in journals specialized in ecology. We use this analysis to advocate for a minimum of training in the techniques of biochemistry that are of common use in environmental sciences. Better training would allow higher reproducibility of results in scientific publications.  \n Keywords: Centrifugation, Laboratory training, Analytical biochemistry, Ecology, Wildlife management, Biology program   \nIntroduction  \nWhile ecosystems face major treats (global changes, pollution, plastic wastes, invasive species, loss of biodiversity and habitats), environmental scientists are increasingly required to objectively evaluate the scale of deterioration, to suggest strategy to alleviate their impact and to adapt to new environment. Environmental sciences are multi-disciplinary and may require skills from different disciplines (for example chemistry and ecology in eco-toxicological studies). By tradition, training in colleges and universities has been compartmentalized according to these disciplines often leading to highly specialized professions. For example, in biology, students interested in environmental sciences are often oriented to specialize in ecology, wildlife management or conservation biology. More importantly, these students might have a narrow perception of environmental sciences and do not realize the importance of transdisciplinary training. After teaching for close to three decades in a bachelor program of biological sciences to students mostly interested in ecology, marine biology or wildlife management, it is clear for us that they usually do not realize the importance of other disciplines like chemistry, biochemistry, genetics and the relevance of a minimum of literacy and competence in these disciplines.  \nEcological sciences have been using basic biochemical techniques for many decades. For example, proximal analysis or protein content analysis has been routinely performed to evaluate the physiological conditions of individ","cbCaidL3rHcoEuS0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidL3rHcoEuS0","pdf",398245,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Environmental sciences and training gaps\n## Biochemical techniques in ecological research\n## Importance of centrifugation parameter reporting\n## Expressing centrifugation velocity (g/RCF vs rpm)","[{\"question\":\"Why is centrifugation training important for students in environmental sciences?\",\"answer\":\"Environmental science students often lack exposure to basic laboratory techniques, yet centrifugation is widely used to extract and purify biomolecules needed for downstream analyses.\"},{\"question\":\"Which centrifugation parameters determine repeatability of the procedure?\",\"answer\":\"Repeatability depends on proper identification of parameters defining gravitational force, including duration, distance from the central axis, and angular velocity.\"},{\"question\":\"How often do published papers report centrifugation velocity correctly?\",\"answer\":\"In a review of 2000 articles, centrifugation velocity was expressed correctly in gravitational force (g) in only 47.8% of papers, dropping to 40.4% in ecology-specialized journals.\"}]","Perspectives - Descriptions of Centrifugation Manipulations in the Literature Illustrate the Need for Better Laboratory Training of Biologists | PDF",1792080462,15]