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Molecular techniques help reveal genetic and molecular drivers of disease, while their boundaries must be understood for safe clinical integration. This narrative review examines current roles of key technologies including next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsies, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and multi-omics approaches. It concludes that evidence generalizability, standardization, and health equity still limit impact, requiring rigorous validation and inclusive genomic resources.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/personalized-therapeutic-approaches-for-human-diseases-precision-medicine-and-molecular-biology-narrative-review/473340/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/personalized-therapeutic-approaches-for-human-diseases-precision-medicine-and-molecular-biology-narrative-review/473340.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Alex Sinclair","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-11","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of precision medicine described in the article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Precision medicine aims to tailor diagnostic and therapeutic decisions to individual patient characteristics rather than relying on one-size-fits-all averages.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which molecular biology techniques are highlighted as key tools?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review focuses on next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsies, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and multi-omics approaches.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What challenges currently constrain the full impact of these technologies?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Key limitations include difficulties in evidence generalizability, the need for methodological standardization, and ensuring health equity across patient populations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},473340,1791384083,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":29,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099523882182,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Concept: NU, AN; Design: IS, ARS; Data  \nCollection: AM, SI; Analysis: ARS, AN; Drafting: NU, IS.  \nCopyrights  \n© 2025 Authors. This is an open, access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) .  \nDeclarations  \nNo funding was received for this study. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The study received ethical approval.  \nAcknowledgments: The author gratefully acknowledges the invaluable contributions of colleagues and the institutional library resources.  \n“Click to Cite”  \nPersonalized Therapeutic Approaches for Human Diseases  \nNiaz Ullah¹, Iffat Sajjad², Ahmad Raza Sachel³ , Amna Noor⁴, Atif Maqsood⁵, Sijal Imran⁶  \n1 MPhil Genetics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan  \n2 Department of Zoology, Aspire Group of Colleges, Jhelum, Pakistan  \n3 Researcher, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada  \n4 Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan  \n5 University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan  \n6 Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan  \nABSTRACT  \nBackground: Precision medicine represents a transformative shift in healthcare, aiming to tailor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to individual patient characteristics. This paradigm is critically dependent on advancements in molecular biology techniques, which provide the tools to decipher the genetic and molecular underpinnings of disease. Understanding the role and limitations of these technologies is essential for their effective integration into clinical practice. Objective: This narrative review aims to analyze the contemporary role of key molecular biology techniques in advancing precision medicine and fostering the development of personalized therapeutic approaches for a range of human diseases. Main Discussion Points: The review synthesizes evidence around several core themes. It examines how next-generation sequencing serves as a cornerstone for genomic diagnosis and patient stratification, particularly in oncology and rare genetic diseases. The application of liquid biopsies for minimally invasive disease monitoring and the detection of resistance mechanisms is discussed. Furthermore, the review explores the revolutionary potential of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing as a curative therapeutic modality and considers the integrative power of multi-omics approaches for unraveling complex disease pathophysiology. Conclusion: Molecular biology techniques are indisputably central to the realization ofprecision medicine, enabling a move from empirical to mechanism-based healthcare. However, their full potential is currently constrained by challenges related to evidence generalizability, methodological standardization, and health equity. Future efforts must focus on rigorous clinical validation, the development of inclusive genomic databases, and the creation of supportive policy frameworks to ensure these powerful tools deliver equitable and improved health outcomes across diverse patient populations.  \nKeywords  \nPrecision Medicine, Molecular Biology, Next-Generation Sequencing, Liquid Biopsy, CRISPRCas9, Personalized Therapy.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nThe landscape of medical practice is undergoing a profound transformation, shifting from a traditional one-size-fits-all paradigm towards a more nuanced and individualized approach. This evolution is embodied in the rise of precision medicine, an emerging discipline that aims to tailor medical treatment to the individual characteristics, needs, and preferences of a patient (1) . At its core, precision medicine seeks to move beyond the population-level averages that have long guided clinical decision-making, acknowledging the vast heterogeneity that exists between individuals, even those presenting with the same diagnosed disease. This heterogeneity, driven by a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors, is a primary reason for the variable efficacy and adverse drug reactions observed with many conventi","cbCaidIY6k0bZdqM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidIY6k0bZdqM","pdf",383728,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Precision medicine and individualized care\n## Molecular biology as the enabling foundation\n## Translating molecular discoveries into targeted therapy","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of precision medicine described in the article?\",\"answer\":\"Precision medicine aims to tailor diagnostic and therapeutic decisions to individual patient characteristics rather than relying on one-size-fits-all averages.\"},{\"question\":\"Which molecular biology techniques are highlighted as key tools?\",\"answer\":\"The review focuses on next-generation sequencing, liquid biopsies, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and multi-omics approaches.\"},{\"question\":\"What challenges currently constrain the full impact of these technologies?\",\"answer\":\"Key limitations include difficulties in evidence generalizability, the need for methodological standardization, and ensuring health equity across patient populations.\"}]","Personalized Therapeutic Approaches for Human Diseases - Precision Medicine and Molecular Biology Narrative Review | PDF",1790782280,15]