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A sample of 74 first-year students completed the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale at baseline and again after four years. Personality traits—extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie tendencies—were assessed at baseline using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Depression symptom intensity or frequency increased on 10 of 20 items and in the summary score, while only diurnal variations decreased. Regression analyses showed neuroticism significantly predicted the summary depression score four years later. Higher neuroticism scores, even within the normal/average range, likely related to more pronounced and less well-regulated emotional responses to university stress.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/personality-traits-and-changes-in-depression-symptoms-in-female-university-students/599337/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/personality-traits-and-changes-in-depression-symptoms-in-female-university-students/599337.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"WPS_1790064749","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-16","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To investigate the four-year course of depression symptoms in female university students and to assess whether four personality traits could predict depression symptom severity later.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were depression symptoms and personality traits measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Depression symptoms were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale twice over a four-year interval. Personality traits were assessed at baseline with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which personality trait predicted depression symptoms after four years?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Neuroticism was the only significant predictor of the summary depression score four years later.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},599337,1792120314,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},3985747859154,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","doi: 10.26529/cepsj.756  \nPersonality Traits and Changes in Depression Symptoms in Female University Students  \nJasminka Bobić1, Adrijana Koscec Bjelajac*2, Marija Bakotić3 and Jelena Macan1  \n• The present study aimed to investigate the course of symptoms of depression in female university students over a four-year period, while also exploring the predictive value of four personality traits with regard to symptoms of depression. The sample comprised 74 female first-year university students. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and were collected twice over a four-year interval, while the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and lie tendencies were assessed by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire only at the baseline. The results revealed that after a fouryear period the depression symptoms increased in intensity/frequency on 10 out of 20 items as well as in the summary score, and decreased only in diurnal variations, which was a favourable outcome. Multiple regression analysis indicated that out of the four personality traits only neuroticism was a significant predictor of the summary depression score four years later. This means that young female students with higher scores in neuroticism, although still in the normal or average range, would very probably have a more pronounced and less well-regulated emotional response to a stressful period of their university education.  \nKeywords: depression symptoms, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, female students, neuroticism, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale  \n1 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia.  \n2 *Corresponding Author. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia; [abjelajac@imi.hr](abjelajac@imi.hr).  \n3 Stadtwerkeprojekt-Spectrum Arbeit Beruf Soziales, Germany.  \nOsebnostne lastnosti in spremembe simptomov depresije pri študentkah  \nJasminka Bobić, Adrijana Koscec Bjelajac, Marija Bakotić in Jelena Macan  \n• Cilja raziskave sta bila preučitev poteka simptomov depresije pri študentkah v štiriletnem obdobju in določitev napovedne vrednosti simptomov depresije pri štirih osebnostnih lastnostih. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 74 študentk prvega letnika. Simptome depresije smo zajeli dvakrat v štiriletnem obdobju in jih ocenjevali z Zungovo lestvico za samoocenodepresije; samo na začetku raziskave smo z Eysenckovim osebnostnimvprašalnikom ocenili osebnostne lastnosti ekstraverzije, nevroticizma, psihoticizma in nagnjenosti k laganju. Rezultati so pokazali, da so po štiriletnem obdobju simptomi depresije narasli glede intenzivnosti/pogostosti pri 10 od 20 postavk in v skupni vrednosti, zmanjšali pa so se le pri dnevnih nihanjih, kar je bil ugoden izid. Multipla regresijska analiza je pokazala, da je izmed štirih osebnostnih lastnosti samo nevroticizempomemben napovednik skupne vrednosti depresije po štirih letih. Navedeno pomeni, da bi se mlade študentke z višje doseženimi vrednostmi pri nevroticizmu, čeprav še vedno v običajnem ali povprečnem razponu, zelo verjetno izraziteje in manj čustveno uravnovešeno odzivale na stresno študijsko obdobje.  \nKljučne besede: simptomi depresije, Eysenckov osebnostni vprašalnik,študentke, nevroticizem, Zungova lestvica za samooceno depresije  \nIntroduction  \nEveryone experiences some unhappiness, sadness or anxiety during their lifetime, often as a result of unexpected, unwanted or just very important life changes. The transition from secondary school to university is usually a major challenge in one’s life. Many students leave home for the first time, start living on their own and face the demands of adapting to a new cultural and social context. Many engage in various paid or unpaid jobs (e.g., voluntary work) for additional professional development and/or to meet existential needs. Furthermore, many have to cope with partnership issues, which is oneof the vital tasks in this developmental period. Finally, all students have to ","cbCaijMEJ6wQGBmj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijMEJ6wQGBmj","pdf",235052,"English","# Introduction\n## Study aim and methods\n## Results and predictors of depression symptom change","[{\"question\":\"What was the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate the four-year course of depression symptoms in female university students and to assess whether four personality traits could predict depression symptom severity later.\"},{\"question\":\"How were depression symptoms and personality traits measured?\",\"answer\":\"Depression symptoms were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale twice over a four-year interval. Personality traits were assessed at baseline with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.\"},{\"question\":\"Which personality trait predicted depression symptoms after four years?\",\"answer\":\"Neuroticism was the only significant predictor of the summary depression score four years later.\"}]","Personality Traits and Changes in Depression Symptoms in Female University Students | PDF",1792088583,48]