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It links 20th-century modernization, oil, and Western involvement to key political shifts from neutrality to occupation and the 1950s oil crisis. The introduction frames the author’s purpose: to challenge prevailing images of Iran and preserve the memory of those harmed by repression and conflict, ending with a credo about forgiveness and 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historical context does the introduction provide before focusing on modern events?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explains the etymology of Iran, the development of ancient Iranian nations, and how foreign powers repeatedly attacked and influenced the region.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the introduction describe Iran’s 20th-century shift involving modernization and oil?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It states that Reza Shah aimed to modernize and westernize, then oil was discovered, leading to strong Western influence and increasing foreign intervention.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why did Marjane Satrapi say writing Persepolis was important to her?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"She wanted to counter stereotypes about Iran, argue that a nation should not be judged by a few extremists, and ensure that people who suffered or died are not 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part:Mattias Ripa  \nTranslation of second part:Blake Ferris  \nSupervision of translation:Marjane Satrapi and Carol Bernstein  \nLettering:Eve Deluze  \nAdditional hand lettering:Céline Merrien  \nTHANKS TO  \nLAssociationDavid B.Jean-Christophe MenuEmile BravoChristophe BlainGuillaume DumoraFanny Dalle-RiveNicolas LeroyMatthieu WahicheCharlotte Miquel  \n# INTRODUCTION\n\nn the second millennium B.C,while the Elam nation was developinga civilization alongside Babylon,Indo-European invaders gave theirname to the immense Iranian plateau where they settled.The word\"Iran”was derived from “Ayryana Vaejo,\"which means \"the origin ofthe Aryans.\"These people were semi-nomads whose descendantswere the Medes and the Persians.The Medes founded the first Iraniannation in the seventh century B.C.;it was later destroyed by Cyrus theGreat.He established what became one of the largest empires of theancient world,the Persian Empire,in the sixth century B.C.Iran wasreferred to as Persia-its Greek name-until 1935 when Reza Shah,thefather of the last Shah of Iran,asked everyone to call the country Iran.  \nIran was rich.Because of its wealth and its geographic location,itinvited attacks:From Alexander the Great,from its Arab neighbors to thewest,from Turkish and Mongolian conquerors,Iran was often subject toforeign domination.Yet the Persian language and culture withstoodthese invasions.The invaders assimilated into this strong culture,and insome ways they became Iranians themselves.  \nIn the twentieth century,Iran entered a new phase.Reza Shah decid-ed to modernize and westernize the country,but meanwhile a freshsource of wealth was discovered:oil.And with the oil came another inva-sion.The West,particularly Great Britain,wielded a strong influence onthe Iranian economy.During the Second World War,the British,Soviets,and Americans asked Reza Shah to ally himself with them againstGermany.But Reza Shah,who sympathized with the Germans,declaredIran a neutral zone.So the Allies invaded and occupied Iran.Reza Shahwas sent into exile and was succeeded by his son,Mohammad RezaPahlavi,who was known simply as the Shah.  \nIn 1951,Mohammed Mossadeq,then prime minister of Iran,national-ized the oil industry.In retaliation,Great Britain organized an embargoon all exports of oil from Iran.In 1953,the CIA,with the help of Britishintelligence,organized a coup against him.Mossadeq was overthrownand the Shah,who had earlier escaped from the country,returned topower.The Shah stayed on the throne until 1979,when he fled Iran toescape the Islamic revolution.  \nSince then,this old and great civilization has been discussed mostly inconnection with fundamentalism,fanaticism,and terrorism.As an Iranianwho has lived more than half of my life in Iran,I know that this image isfar from the truth.This is why writing Persepolis was so important to me.I believe that an entire nation should not be judged by the wrongdoingsof a few extremists.I also don't want those Iranians who lost their livesin prisons defending freedom,who died in the war against Iraq,who suf-fered under various repressive regimes,or who were forced to leave theirfamilies and flee their homeland to be forgotten.  \nOne can forgive but one should never forget.  \nMarjane SatrapiParis,September 2002  \nP  \nR  \nS  \n# [РOLIS\n\n# THE VEIL\n\n| THIS IS ME WHEN I WAS 10  \u003Cbr>YEARS OLD.THIS WaS IN1980.   |\n| --- |\n|  |","cbCaiqSTkeR3OskU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqSTkeR3OskU","pdf",28336359,158,"English","# CREDITS\n# INTRODUCTION\n## Historical background of Iran\n## 20th-century political turning points\n## Purpose of writing Persepolis","[{\"question\":\"What historical context does the introduction provide before focusing on modern events?\",\"answer\":\"It explains the etymology of Iran, the development of ancient Iranian nations, and how foreign powers repeatedly attacked and influenced the region.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the introduction describe Iran’s 20th-century shift involving modernization and oil?\",\"answer\":\"It states that Reza Shah aimed to modernize and westernize, then oil was discovered, leading to strong Western influence and increasing foreign intervention.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Marjane Satrapi say writing Persepolis was important to her?\",\"answer\":\"She wanted to counter stereotypes about Iran, argue that a nation should not be judged by a few extremists, and ensure that people who suffered or died are not forgotten.\"}]","PERSEPOLIS - THE STORY OF A CHLDHOOD - THE VEIL | PDF",1790164305,243]