[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-337945-105":59,"doc-detail-337945-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors-key-regulators-of-tumor-progression-and-growth","Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - Key Regulators of Tumor Progression and Growth","","Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) function as nuclear hormone receptors that influence cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Endogenous or synthetic PPAR activation can regulate tumor progression across tissues, though isoform- and ligand-dependent outcomes remain incompletely understood. This review summarizes current evidence and future directions for using PPAR agonists and antagonists in malignancies, based on searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus up to May 2023.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors-key-regulators-of-tumor-progression-and-growth/337945/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors-key-regulators-of-tumor-progression-and-growth/337945.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Noah","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What are PPARs and what roles do they play in cancer?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Their activation can alter tumor progression depending on tissue context and receptor/ligand type.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Why is the PPAR mechanism in tumor development described as unclear?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Each PPAR isotype can suppress or promote tumor development depending on specific tissues or ligands, and the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How was the evidence for PPAR-targeted therapy summarized in the review?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched for studies on the effects of PPARs on various cancers up to the end of May 2023, focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical findings.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},337945,1790637418,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},8796095462418,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780","Translational Oncology 47 (2024) 102039  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nTranslational Oncology  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tranon)[ www.elsevier.com/locate/tranon](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tranon)  \n| Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Key regulators of tumor progression and growth\u003Cbr>Fereshteh Asgharzadeha, b , Arghavan Memarziaa, b, Vida Alikhanic, b, Sima Beigolia , Mohammad Hossein Boskabadya, b, *\u003Cbr>a Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O\u003Cbr>Keywords:\u003Cbr>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR\u003Cbr>Cancer | A B S T R A C T\u003Cbr>One of the main causes of death on the globe is cancer. Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors, including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which are important in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. PPARs are receiving interest as possible therapeutic targets for a number of disorders. Numerous clinical studies are being conducted on PPARs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer. Therefore, this review will focus on the existing and future uses of PPARs agonists and antagonists in treating malignancies. PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were searched regarding the effect of PPARs on various types of cancers until the end of May 2023. The results of the review articles showed the therapeutic influence of PPARs on a wide range of cancer on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to be conducted on the influence of PPARs on various cancers. |\n\nIntroduction  \nBackground  \nCancer is a global health problem exacerbated by well-established risk factors, including genetics, ionizing radiation, infections, smoking, insobriety, unhealthy diets, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and other carcinogenic environmental exposures [1].  \nPeroxisomes are intracellular structures present in the majority of plant and animal cells, serving a wide array of metabolic roles such as hydrogen peroxide-based respiration, fatty acid beta-oxidation, and cholesterol metabolism. Within the nuclear hormone factor superfamily, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are proteins exhibiting phylogenetic relatedness [2]. Originally discovered in rodents in 1990, PPARs constitute a subset of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, which encompasses 48 members. Despite their proliferation-inducing effects in rodents, PPAR agonists do not elicit similar responses in humans. Structurally akin to steroid or thyroid  \nhormone receptors, PPARs are activated upon interaction with small lipophilic ligands. In rodent models, exposure to a range of chemically related compounds including herbicides, industrial solvents, and hypolipidemic drugs induces notable increases in peroxisome number and size in the liver, potentially leading to liver hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hepatocarcinogenesis, and upregulation of genes encoding proximal enzymes [3]. PPARs predominantly manifest in three subtypes, namely alpha, beta/delta, and gamma, each orchestrating the physiological effects of various fatty acids and their derivatives. Activated PPARs additionally exert transcriptional repression via DNA-independent interactions with other transcription factors such as NFκB, STAT-1, and AP-1 signaling components. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor famil","cbCaicvJJkqxZ8BP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicvJJkqxZ8BP","pdf",4757983,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Cancer risk factors and cellular context\n## PPAR subtypes, activation mechanisms, and gene regulation","[{\"question\":\"What are PPARs and what roles do they play in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"PPARs are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Their activation can alter tumor progression depending on tissue context and receptor/ligand type.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is the PPAR mechanism in tumor development described as unclear?\",\"answer\":\"Each PPAR isotype can suppress or promote tumor development depending on specific tissues or ligands, and the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the evidence for PPAR-targeted therapy summarized in the review?\",\"answer\":\"Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched for studies on the effects of PPARs on various cancers up to the end of May 2023, focusing on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical findings.\"}]","Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - Key Regulators of Tumor Progression and Growth | PDF",1790021291,53]