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Key protein drivers are essential for designing strategies to slow disease progression. Bioinformatic analysis identified periostin (POSTN) as an important factor in IDD, supported by its detection in patient nucleus pulposus tissues and serum. Serum POSTN levels correlated positively with IDD. In vitro, nucleus pulposus cells exposed to TNF-α showed that POSTN promotes IDD by inhibiting autophagy. In vivo validation used a rat caudal vertebra needle puncture model with imaging and histological and immunohistochemical assessments, supporting POSTN as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/periostin-as-a-diagnostic-marker-and-therapeutic-target-for-intervertebral-disc-degeneration/457521/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/periostin-as-a-diagnostic-marker-and-therapeutic-target-for-intervertebral-disc-degeneration/457521.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aldword","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",14,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What role does periostin (POSTN) play in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"POSTN promotes IDD progression and is linked to disease severity, acting as both a diagnostic marker candidate and a therapeutic target.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was POSTN investigated in the study?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"POSTN was identified via bioinformatic analysis, confirmed in patient nucleus pulposus tissues and serum, and further tested in vitro with TNF-α–stimulated nucleus pulposus cells and in vivo in a rat needle puncture model.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What mechanism did the study find for POSTN’s effect on IDD?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"POSTN promotes IDD by inhibiting autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},457521,1790818493,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336478940917,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Yuan et al. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research (2026) 21:21  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06463-y](https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06463-y)  \nJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nPeriostin as a diagnostic marker   \nand therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degeneration  \nYao Yuan 1†, Mengping Xu2,3†, Tian Qin2,3*, Heng Sun2,3* and Jianhua Sun 1*  \nAbstract  \nThe pathophysiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), a condition associated with significant morbidity, remains incompletely elucidated. Identification of key proteins that drive IDD progression is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate disease advancement. In this study, we discovered that periostin (POSTN) play an important role in IDD through the bioinformatic analysis, and confirmed its presentation in patient nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and serum samples. Additionally, the serum POSTN level is positively correlated with IDD. To further investigate the functions of POSTN, the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were isolated and stimulated with 10 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) for 48 h as the in vitro disease model. And evaluated by qPCR, western blots, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, transmission electron microscopy and transcriptome sequencing. The data demonstrated that POSTN promotes IDD by inhibiting autophagy in NPCs. The results were validated in vivo through the caudal vertebra needle puncture model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, with X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, safranin O-fast green staining, and immunohistochemical staining. In summary, this study demonstrated that POSTN has potential to be a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for IDD treatment.  \nKeywords Intervertebral disc degeneration, Periostin, Nucleus pulposus cells, Autophagy  \n†Yao Yuan and Mengping Xu have contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence:  \nTian Qin [tianqin@suda.edu.cn](tianqin@suda.edu.cn)[ ](tianqin@suda.edu.cn)Heng Sun [sunheng@suda.edu.cn](sunheng@suda.edu.cn)[ ](sunheng@suda.edu.cn)Jianhua Sun [000sunjianhua@sina.com](000sunjianhua@sina.com)  \n1Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China 2Medical 3D Printing Center, Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Innovation Center for Nanomedicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China  \n3Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China  \nIntroduction  \nIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major global clinical burden, yet its precise pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated [1, 2]. IDD is characterized by progressive structural and functional deterioration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and adjacent tissues, primarily driven by age-related changes and pathological stimuli. Studies have demonstrated that IDD onset occurs shortly after skeletal maturity, with its prevalence increasing significantly with advancing age. By the age of 50, approximately 90% of individuals show evidence of IDD to some extent [3–6]. In recent years, shifting lifestyles and societal pressures have contributed to an earlier onset of IDD, with a gradually rising incidence. Notably, severe cases of IDD are emerged even in  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if y","cbCaikunCLYcz8TA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikunCLYcz8TA","pdf",4438092,"English","# Introduction\n## Abstract","[{\"question\":\"What role does periostin (POSTN) play in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)?\",\"answer\":\"POSTN promotes IDD progression and is linked to disease severity, acting as both a diagnostic marker candidate and a therapeutic target.\"},{\"question\":\"How was POSTN investigated in the study?\",\"answer\":\"POSTN was identified via bioinformatic analysis, confirmed in patient nucleus pulposus tissues and serum, and further tested in vitro with TNF-α–stimulated nucleus pulposus cells and in vivo in a rat needle puncture model.\"},{\"question\":\"What mechanism did the study find for POSTN’s effect on IDD?\",\"answer\":\"POSTN promotes IDD by inhibiting autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells.\"}]","Periostin as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for intervertebral disc degeneration | PDF",1790749594,25]