[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-59058-en":3,"doc-seo-59058-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},59058,687197207919,"Theodora","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000253d6f5f7c60be?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779446848396160552",8,"Research & Report","Performance Analysis of a Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination System with a Solar Pond","Solar-driven humidification-dehumidification desalination offers a sustainable route to water production when integrated with solar ponds that supply cost-effective and stable heat. Seasonal meteorological variability prevents a single fixed operating condition from delivering year-round optimal efficiency. This study assesses system performance across varying monthly meteorological conditions using a solar-pond-driven HDH configuration. Results identify a monthly optimal liquid-to-gas mass flow ratio that jointly maximizes gained output ratio and water productivity, strongly correlating with solar irradiance. Open-water operation outperforms the closed-water case and delivers robust energy efficiency and stability. Solar pond temperature varies less than 3.2 °C monthly and under 0.58 °C daily.","Renewable Energy 267 (2026) 125782  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nRenewable Energy  \njournal [homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/renene](homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/renene)  \n| Performance analysis of a humidification-dehumidification desalination system with a solar pond\u003Cbr>Xin Huanga,b,* , Guanlei Zhang a, Zhen Zhang a, Zejun Zhang a, Sihao Lia, Haozhe Jinc,**, Xiang Ling d\u003Cbr>a School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, No. 21 Gehu Middle Road, Changzhou, PR China b Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment, Changzhou University, Changzhou, PR China\u003Cbr>c School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, PR China\u003Cbr>d School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 PuZhu South Road, Nanjing, PR China |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |  |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Solar desalination Humidification dehumidification Solar pond\u003Cbr>Thermodynamic analysis Monthly performance |  | Solar-driven humidification-dehumidification desalination offers a promising route to sustainable water production, particularly when integrated with solar ponds, which provide a cost-effective and stable heat supply. However, performance variations caused by seasonal meteorological fluctuations render a single operating condition insufficient for achieving year-round optimal efficiency. This study evaluates the performance of ahumidification-dehumidification system with a solar pond under varying monthly meteorological conditions. Findings reveal a unique monthly optimal liquid-to-gas mass flow rate ratio that co-maximizes the gained output ratio and water productivity, with this ratio correlating directly to solar irradiance. The open-water system achieves a higher optimal gained output ratio and water productivity than its closed-water counterpart. The open-water configuration exhibits a monthly optimal gained output ratio ranging from a peak of 2.03 in April toa nadir of 1.80 in December. Its monthly optimal water productivity is proportional to solar irradiance, ranging from a peak of 156.10 kg/h in August (at 216.97 W/m2) to an annual minimum of 27.54 kg/h in December (at 101.87 W/m2). Crucially, the system demonstrates robust energy efficiency and remarkable operational stability, with the solar pond temperature fluctuating by less than 3.2 ◦ C monthly and under 0.58 ◦ C daily. |  |\n\nNomenclature  \na surface area, m2 R pond bottom surface  \nreflectivity  \ncp specific heat at constant pressure, S salinity, g/kg  \nkJ/kg⋅◦C T temperature, ◦C  \nGOR gained output ratio ΔTmin pinch point temperature  \nh specific enthalpy, kJ/kg difference, ◦C  \nhfg latent heat of vaporization, kJ/kg w humidity ratio, kg  \nvapor/kg dry air  \nH enthalpy rate, kW  \nHCR heat capacity rate ratio Greek symbols  \nHDH humidification-dehumidification  \nΔHmax maximum enthalpy rate change, kW δ thickness, m  \nIB radiation at the bottom surface of λ thermal conductivity,  \nthe pond, W/m2 W/m⋅◦C  \nρ density, kg/m3  \n(continued on next column)  \n(continued )  \nIBR  \nILCZ  \nISR  \nIx  \nI0  \nm  \nPHCR  \nPPTD  \nQ  \nQlb  \nradiation flux reflected from the bottom of the pond, W/m2 available radiation at the depth x, W/m2  \nradiation flux reflected back into the pond from the outer surface of the pond, W/m2  \navailable radiation at the depth x, W/m2  \nsurface solar radiation, W/m2 mass flow rate, kg/s  \npinch point heat capacity rate ratio pinch point temperature difference heat transfer rate, kW  \nheat loss rate from the pond bottom surface, kW  \nSuperscripts and Subscripts  \na air  \nc cold  \ncond condensate  \nd dehumidifier  \ng dry air  \nh humidifier  \nH heater  \ni inlet  \nideal ideal condition ins wall insulation  \nl liquid  \nlb loss through the bottom  \nof the lower convective zone  \n(continued on next page)  \n* Corresponding author. School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, No. 21 Gehu Middle Road, Changzhou, PR","cbCaiuHKRya4U8Dx","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuHKRya4U8Dx","pdf",4447792,1,10,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Performance Analysis under Monthly Meteorological Conditions\n## Optimization of Liquid-to-Gas Mass Flow Ratio\n## Comparison of Open-Water and Closed-Water Solar Pond Configurations\n## Energy Efficiency and Operational Stability","[{\"question\":\"Why is monthly meteorological variability important for solar-pond humidification-dehumidification desalination?\",\"answer\":\"Seasonal changes in meteorological conditions cause performance variations, so a single operating point cannot achieve year-round optimal efficiency. The study therefore evaluates performance under varying monthly conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"What parameter determines the monthly optimum for the system?\",\"answer\":\"A unique monthly optimal liquid-to-gas mass flow rate ratio co-maximizes gained output ratio and water productivity. This ratio directly correlates with solar irradiance.\"},{\"question\":\"How do open-water and closed-water solar pond configurations compare?\",\"answer\":\"The open-water system achieves a higher optimal gained output ratio and water productivity than the closed-water counterpart, with gained output ratio decreasing from a peak in April to a low in December.\"}]",1783939183,25,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":27},"performance-analysis-of-a-humidification-dehumidification-desalination-system-with-a-solar-pond","",{"@graph":35,"@context":85},[36,53,68],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/performance-analysis-of-a-humidification-dehumidification-desalination-system-with-a-solar-pond/59058/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19","2026-07-13",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why is monthly meteorological variability important for solar-pond humidification-dehumidification desalination?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Seasonal changes in meteorological conditions cause performance variations, so a single operating point cannot achieve year-round optimal efficiency. The study therefore evaluates performance under varying monthly conditions.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What parameter determines the monthly optimum for the system?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"A unique monthly optimal liquid-to-gas mass flow rate ratio co-maximizes gained output ratio and water productivity. This ratio directly correlates with solar irradiance.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How do open-water and closed-water solar pond configurations compare?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The open-water system achieves a higher optimal gained output ratio and water productivity than the closed-water counterpart, with gained output ratio decreasing from a peak in April to a low in December.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":133},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]