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The objective is to determine whether affiliation affects students’ perception, focusing on opportunity and solution factors. A statistically significant difference was found in specific considerations, but T-test and Z-test at the 5% level indicate no impact overall. Data include 556 students from six universities across 2015–2016.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/perception-difference-of-indian-students-towards-information-and-communication-technology-in-context-of-university-affiliation/591716/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/perception-difference-of-indian-students-towards-information-and-communication-technology-in-context-of-university-affiliation/591716.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Dipper","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study compare regarding students and ICT?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study compares Indian students’ perceptions of ICT factors between government and private universities, based on university affiliation status.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which statistical methods are used to analyze the data?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"T-test and Z-test are applied at a 5% significance level to examine mean differences in students’ perceptions toward ICT factors.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How many students and universities were involved?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The research includes 556 students from six universities during the academic year 2015–2016.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},591716,1792073053,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},1374404997633,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Asian Journal of Contemporary Education  \nDOI: 10.18488/journal.137.2018.21.36.42 Vol. 2, No. 1, 36-42  \n© 2018 AESS Publications. All Rights Reserved. [URL:](URL: www.aessweb.com)[ ](URL: www.aessweb.com)[www.aessweb.com](URL: www.aessweb.com)  \nPERCEPTION DIFFERENCE OF INDIAN STUDENTS TOWARDS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF UNIVERSITY AFFILIATION  \nChaman Verma1+  \n Veronika Stoffova2  \n Illés Zoltán3  \n1,3Department of Media and Educational Informatics, University of ELTE, Budapest, Hungary  \n2Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Education, Trnava University in Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia  \n(+ Corresponding author)  \nABSTRACT  \nArticle History  \nReceived: 21 February 2018  \nRevised: 2 April 2018  \nAccepted: 4 April 2018  \nPublished: 6 April 2018  \nKeywords  \nT-Test Z-Test Mean  \nFactor Significant Degree of freedom.  \nThis paper explores the perception of students towards ICT factors according to university affiliation status. The university affiliation status tells that whether participants come from government or private university. In this study significant difference has been discovered between perceptions of students of government and private universities towards ICT factors. The findings of paper explore the significant difference among students considering their affiliation status towards opportunity and solution factors only. To find mean difference among students towards ICT factors both T-test and Z-Test at 5% significant level are applied. These statistical tests proved university affiliation status has no impact on perception of Indian students. Five hundred fifty six students from six universities have been participated in this research study during the academic year 2015-2016.  \nContribution/ Originality: The authors applied both T and Z-test on large samples from 6 universities from 2 states of India to investigate the perception of student towards ICT against university affiliation (private and government) .  \n1. INTRODUCTION  \nToday’s information is the key to knowledge. Now days it is very easy for ordinary man to access global information with the initiation of Information Technology (IT) . The Information includes fax-text, e-newspapers, video-images, mobile-voice, video conferencing and computer’s data. All the information can be digitized, transported, stored, retrieved, modified and then distributed (Siriginidi, 2009) . ICT is the discipline of information handling and processing chiefly by computers used to sustain the communication of knowledge in technical, economic and social field. India is growing ICT country in the world. The growing technological enhancement increases the uses of internet in every domain. In the last few years, fast developments in information and communication technology such as the Internet have made significant and impressive impact on modern educational practice in India. The decisions have been taken by republic of India to integrate and assimilate technology in classroom teaching at all levels became much solid in the Indian higher education system after the introduction of smart classes. The huge effect about Internet technology requires individuals to be more creative rather than admit all situations without inquiring. India’s own satellite system providing round the clock  \nmultipurpose services, nearly 100% reach of radio, a satellite to cable and terrestrial system of television, with above 50 channels in different languages. ICT is essential to any higher education institution that hopes to succeed in a 21st century world driven by intense globalization. Ulka and Millind (2012) stated that higher education institutesin developed countries have policies on the productive function; there is matter of debate regarding stability of longterm academic research with short-term technology transfer projects. Philomina and Amutha (2015) concluded that science teachers are more aware about ICT as compare to arts teachers and they also","cbCaiiZ7YU5JMbvK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiZ7YU5JMbvK","pdf",425178,"English","# Introduction\n# Objective and Hypotheses\n# Design and Methodology","[{\"question\":\"What does the study compare regarding students and ICT?\",\"answer\":\"The study compares Indian students’ perceptions of ICT factors between government and private universities, based on university affiliation status.\"},{\"question\":\"Which statistical methods are used to analyze the data?\",\"answer\":\"T-test and Z-test are applied at a 5% significance level to examine mean differences in students’ perceptions toward ICT factors.\"},{\"question\":\"How many students and universities were involved?\",\"answer\":\"The research includes 556 students from six universities during the academic year 2015–2016.\"}]","PERCEPTION DIFFERENCE OF INDIAN STUDENTS TOWARDS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN CONTEXT OF UNIVERSITY AFFILIATION | PDF",18]