[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-120774-en":3,"doc-seo-120774-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},120774,34359740700684,"Finn","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/1f400023980c374ae676?_k=1777273430885731487",8,"Research & Report","Peer-to-Peer Power Energy Trading in Blockchain Using Efficient Machine Learning Model - Published Article Metadata","Advancing microgrids and applying blockchain to power trading support a robust, sustainable energy system. Blockchain’s decentralization and transparency improve data management, security, and trust, while smart contracts enable automated energy transactions. Success in trading depends on accurately understanding each participant’s demand and production capability, such as solar output linked to weather conditions. The work proposes a smart-contract-based trading architecture combined with an efficient machine-learning model and evaluates multiple models to streamline auctions.","Please cite the Published Version  \nRahman, Mahfuzur, Chowdhury, Solaiman, Shorfuzzaman, Mohammad , Hossain, Mohammad K  and Hammoudeh, Mohammad  (2023) Peer-to-Peer Power Energy Trading in Blockchain Using Efficient Machine Learning Model. Sustainability, 15 (18) . p. 13640.  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813640](https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813640)  \nPublisher: MDPI  \nVersion: Published Version  \nDownloaded from: [https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/635044/](https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/635044/)  \nUsage rights:  Creative Commons: Attribution 4 .0  \nAdditional Information: This is an open access article which first appeared in Sustainability, published by MDPI  \nEnquiries:  \nIf you have questions about this document, contact [openresearch@mmu.ac.uk. Please](openresearch@mmu.ac.uk. Please) include the URL of the record in e-space. If you believe that your, or a third party's rights have been compromised through this document please see our Take Down policy (available from [https://www.mmu.ac.uk/library/using-the-library/policies-and-guidelines](https://www.mmu.ac.uk/library/using-the-library/policies-and-guidelines))  \n sustainability   \nArticle  \nPeer-to-Peer Power Energy Trading in Blockchain Using Efficient Machine Learning Model  \nMahfuzur Rahman 1,*, Solaiman Chowdhury 2, Mohammad Shorfuzzaman 3, Mohammad Kamal Hossain 4 and Mohammad Hammoudeh 1  \nCitation: Rahman, M.; Chowdhury, S.; Shorfuzzaman, M.; Hossain, M.K.; Hammoudeh, M. Peer-to-Peer Power Energy Trading in Blockchain Using Efficient Machine Learning Model. Sustainability 2023, 15, 13640 . [https://doi.org/10.3390/](https://doi.org/10.3390/)[ ](https://doi.org/10.3390/)su151813640  \nAcademic Editors: Md Shafiullah and Syed Masiur Rahman  \nReceived: 16 July 2023  \nRevised: 3 September 2023  \nAccepted: 6 September 2023  \nPublished: 12 September 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Information and Computer Science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; [mohammad.hammoudeh@kfupm.edu.sa](mohammad.hammoudeh@kfupm.edu.sa)  \n2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; [chowdhury.solaiman@northsouth.edu](chowdhury.solaiman@northsouth.edu)  \n3 Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [m.shorf@tu.edu.sa](m.shorf@tu.edu.sa)  \n4 Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems (IRC-REPS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; [kamalhossain@kfupm.edu.sa](kamalhossain@kfupm.edu.sa)  \n* [Correspondence: mdmahfuzur.rahman@kfupm.edu.sa](Correspondence: mdmahfuzur.rahman@kfupm.edu.sa)  \nAbstract: The advancement of mircogrids and the adoption of blockchain technology in the energytrading sector can build a robust and sustainable energy infrastructure. The decentralization and transparency of blockchain technology have several advantages for data management, security, and trust. In particular, the uses of smart contracts can provide automated transaction in energy trading. Individual entities (household, industries, institutes, etc.) have shown increasing interest in producing power from potential renewable energy sources for their own usage and also in distributing this power to the energy market if possible. The key success in energy trading significantly depends on understanding one's own energy demand and production capability. For example, the production from a solar panel is highly correlated with the weather condition, and an efficient machine learning model can characterize the relationship to es","cbCaieCqqSjPjGxN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieCqqSjPjGxN","pdf",398352,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Article Metadata and Publication Details\n## Citation, DOI, and Open-Access License\n## Authors, Affiliations, and Editorial Information\n## Received, Revised, Accepted, and Published Dates\n# Abstract and Research Scope\n## Motivation: Microgrids, Blockchain, and Smart Contracts\n## Proposed Architecture and Machine-Learning-Based Auction Support\n# Introduction Context\n## Smart Grid and Microgrid Concepts\n## Renewable Energy and Sustainability Rationale","[{\"question\":\"What core role does blockchain play in peer-to-peer power energy trading?\",\"answer\":\"Blockchain provides decentralization and transparency that support data management, security, and trust. Smart contracts are used to automate transactions in energy trading.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the approach handle uncertainty in renewable energy production?\",\"answer\":\"It uses machine learning to model the relationship between conditions (e.g., weather) and production, enabling estimation of generation at any time.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the proposed system architecture, and how is the auction process improved?\",\"answer\":\"The architecture combines smart contracts with an efficient machine-learning algorithm to determine participants’ appropriate energy production and to streamline the auction process. Multiple machine-learning models are analyzed to select the most suitable one.\"}]","Peer-to-Peer Power Energy Trading in Blockchain Using Efficient Machine Learning Model - Published Article Metadata | PDF",1785731972,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"peer-to-peer-power-energy-trading-in-blockchain-using-efficient-machine-learning-model-published-article-metadata","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/peer-to-peer-power-energy-trading-in-blockchain-using-efficient-machine-learning-model-published-article-metadata/120774/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-03",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What core role does blockchain play in peer-to-peer power energy trading?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Blockchain provides decentralization and transparency that support data management, security, and trust. 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