[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-392592-105":59,"doc-detail-392592-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","pediatric-acquired-demyelinating-disorders-review-of-clinical-presentation-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis","Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Disorders - Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis","","PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the most common monophasic and relapsing acquired demyelinating disorders presenting in childhood. RECENT FINDINGS: Rapid growth in neuroimmune knowledge supports diagnosis using factors such as age, encephalopathy, serum autoantibodies (MOG, aquaporin-4), intrathecally unique oligoclonal bands, and radiologic lesion patterns. SUMMARY: Pediatric clinical and radiologic phenotypes and long-term outcomes differ from adults, shaping treatment considerations and immunotherapy safety and efficacy.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pediatric-acquired-demyelinating-disorders-review-of-clinical-presentation-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis/392592/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pediatric-acquired-demyelinating-disorders-review-of-clinical-presentation-diagnosis-treatment-and-prognosis/392592.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Hazel","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-09-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the article review about pediatric acquired demyelinating disorders?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It reviews clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis for common monophasic and relapsing acquired demyelinating disorders in childhood.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which factors help distinguish a monophasic course from a relapsing course?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Factors include patient age (prepubertal vs postpubertal), presence or absence of clinical encephalopathy, serum autoantibodies such as MOG and aquaporin-4, intrathecally unique oligoclonal bands, and the location/extent of radiologic abnormalities.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How is an acquired demyelinating syndrome defined and classified in the article?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It is an umbrella term for a demyelinating event of presumed inflammatory immune-mediated etiology causing neurologic signs and symptoms related to affected CNS areas. Classification considers CNS location(s) and extent, such as monofocal versus multifocal involvement.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},392592,1790762915,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146,"preview_page_count":4},137441390410,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/2000252f4ab5702993?_k=1776741390130283984","Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \n\n| | HHS Public Access\u003Cbr>Author manuscript\u003Cbr>Continuum (Minneap Minn). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 September 24. |\n| --- | --- |\n\nPublished in final edited form as:  \nContinuum (Minneap Minn). 2022 August 01; 28(4): 1104–1130. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000001128 .  \nPediatric Acquired Demyelinating Disorders  \nJ. Nicholas Brenton, MD  \nUniversity of Virginia, Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, PO Box 800394, Charlottesville, VA 22908  \nAbstract  \nPURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the most common monophasic and relapsing acquired demyelinating disorders presenting in childhood.  \nRECENT FINDINGS: Our understanding of neuroimmune disorders ofthe central nervous system is rapidly expanding. Several clinical and paraclinical factors help to inform the diagnosis and ultimately the suspicion for a monophasic versus relapsing course, including the age of the patient (prepubertal versus postpubertal), presence or absence of clinical encephalopathy, identification of serum autoantibodies (eg, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG] and aquaporin-4), presence of intrathecally unique oligoclonal bands, and location/extent of radiologic abnormalities. Collaborative international research efforts have facilitated understanding of the safety and efficacy of currently available immunotherapies in children with acquired  \ndemyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis.  \nSUMMARY: Although many of the demyelinating disorders presented in this article can affect children and adults across the age spectrum, the clinical and radiologic phenotypes, treatment considerations, and long-term prognoses are often distinct in children.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nNeuroimmune disorders ofthe central nervous system (CNS) encompass a wide spectrum of conditions that, collectively, are not uncommon in childhood. Many of these disorders result in acquired demyelination of the brain and/or spinal cord. Neuroimmune demyelinating disorders manifest across the age spectrum, but the clinical phenotypes, radiologic expression, treatment, and prognostic considerations are often distinct in children compared to adults. A significant subset of demyelinating disorders in children are monophasic and do not necessitate chronic immunotherapy. Accurately distinguishing monophasic disorders from those with a high propensity for a dynamic relapsing course requires close clinical and radiologic surveillance.  \nAddress correspondence to: Dr J. Nicholas Brenton, University of Virginia, Department of Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, PO Box 800394, Charlottesville, VA 22908, [JNB8H@virginia.edu](JNB8H@virginia.edu).  \nUNLABELED USE OF PRODUCTS/INVESTIGATIONAL USE DISCLOSURE:  \nDr Brenton discusses the unlabeled/investigational use of therapeutic options for children with demyelinating disorders; these include azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, dimethyl fumarate, eculizumab, interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, IVIg, mycophenolate, natalizumab, rituximab/ocrelizumab, teriflunomide, and tocilizumab.  \nAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript  \nBrenton Page 2  \nOur understanding of the pathobiology, classification and diagnosis, treatment, and longterm prognosis of acquired demyelinating disorders in children is rapidly growing. This growth is augmented by improved access to advanced neuroimaging, sensitive and specific autoantibody testing, consensus diagnostic criteria, international research collaborative efforts, and access to well-designed clinical drug trials. This article focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acquired demyelinating syndromes of childhood, including commonly monophasic demyelinating disorders (such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [ADEM], optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis) a","cbCaioYl6NMpGXnf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioYl6NMpGXnf","pdf",1034120,34,"English","# Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Disorders\n## Purpose of Review\n## Recent Findings\n## Summary\n## Introduction\n## Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes\n## Diagnostic Evaluation","[{\"question\":\"What does the article review about pediatric acquired demyelinating disorders?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis for common monophasic and relapsing acquired demyelinating disorders in childhood.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors help distinguish a monophasic course from a relapsing course?\",\"answer\":\"Factors include patient age (prepubertal vs postpubertal), presence or absence of clinical encephalopathy, serum autoantibodies such as MOG and aquaporin-4, intrathecally unique oligoclonal bands, and the location/extent of radiologic abnormalities.\"},{\"question\":\"How is an acquired demyelinating syndrome defined and classified in the article?\",\"answer\":\"It is an umbrella term for a demyelinating event of presumed inflammatory immune-mediated etiology causing neurologic signs and symptoms related to affected CNS areas. Classification considers CNS location(s) and extent, such as monofocal versus multifocal involvement.\"}]","Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Disorders - Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis | PDF",1790371322,86]