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This paper evaluates UML 2.0 Activity Diagrams using workflow patterns to assess control-flow and data-flow capabilities for process-aware information systems. The analysis compares relative strengths and weaknesses, identifies ambiguities in the current UML 2.0 draft specification, and proposes ways to address potential deficiencies with reusable, pattern-based solutions to practical process modeling problems.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pattern-based-analysis-of-uml-activity-diagrams/657284/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pattern-based-analysis-of-uml-activity-diagrams/657284.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"sagouaw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-26",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What evaluation method does the paper use for UML Activity Diagrams?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It evaluates UML 2.0 Activity Diagrams using a collection of workflow patterns to assess control-flow and data-flow capabilities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which UML Activity Diagrams aspects are analyzed in the paper?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper analyzes both control flow (ordering of activities) and data flow (data perspective) capabilities, aiming to compare strengths and weaknesses.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the paper aim to achieve beyond evaluation?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It identifies limitations and ambiguities in the UML 2.0 draft specification and suggests ways to address deficiencies, including typical solutions to process modeling problems.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},657284,1793073457,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747862151,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Pattern-based Analysis of UML Activity Diagrams  \nPetia Wohed1 , Wil M.P. van der Aalst2 ,3 , Marlon Dumas3 , Arthur H.M. ter Hofstede3  \nand Nick Russell3  \n1 Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy, Universit Henri Poincar, Nancy 1 BP239, 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France  \n[petia.wohed@cran.uhp-nancy.fr](petia.wohed@cran.uhp-nancy.fr)  \n2 Department of Technology Management, Eindhoven University of Technology  \nGPO Box 513, NL5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands [w.m.p.v.d.aalst@tm.tue.nl](w.m.p.v.d.aalst@tm.tue.nl)  \n3 Centre for Information Technology Innovation, Queensland University of Technology  \nGPO Box 2434, Brisbane QLD 4001, Australia  \n{m.dumas, a.terhofstede, [n.russell](n.russell}@qut.edu.au)[}](n.russell}@qut.edu.au)[@qut.edu.au](n.russell}@qut.edu.au)  \nAbstract. The Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a well-known family of notations for software modelling. Recently, a new version of UML has been released. In this paper we examine the Activity Diagrams notation of this latest version of UML in terms of a collection of patterns developed for assessing control flow and data flow capabilities of languages used in the area of process-aware information systems. The purpose of this analysis is to assess relative strengthsand weaknesses of control and data flow specification in Activity Diagrams and to identify ways of addressing potential deficiencies. In addition, the pattern-based analysis will yield typical solutions to practical process modelling problems and expose some of the ambiguities in the current UML 2.0 draft specification [9] .  \nKeywords: UML, Activity Diagrams, Workflow Patterns, YAWL  \n1 Introduction  \nThe Unified Modelling Language (UML), not seldom referred to as a de facto standard for software modelling, has recently undergone a significant upgrade to a new major version, namely UML 2 .01. Being a multi-purpose language, UML offers a variety of notations for capturing different aspects of software structure and behaviour. One of these notations, namely Activity Diagrams (AD), is intended for modelling computational and business/organisational processes.  \nIf the UML AD notation is to be adopted as a standard for business process modelling, it should compare favourably with other notations in this space. Evaluating and comparing modelling notations, particularly in the area of business processes, is a delicate endeavour. Evaluations in terms of case studies may lead to valuable insights, but the conclusions are difficult to generalise due to their restricted scope. On the other hand, evaluations in terms of ontologies, such as the BWW ontology [6, 10], lead to coarse-grained results since these ontologies are composed of highly general concepts  \n1 [http://www.uml.org](http://www.uml.org)  \nwhose pertinence and manifestation in the context of business processes have not yet been studied.  \nThe workflow patterns [3, 11] constitute a more specialised evaluation framework. Originally developed as an instrument to evaluate languages supported by workflow systems, these patterns have been used by several authors to evaluate languages for process-aware information systems development [5, 14, 13, 8] . Also, while originally restricted to the control flow perspective (i.e. the ordering of activities) these patterns have been extended to the data perspective2. In addition, a workflow definition language (namely YAWL [1]) capturing most of the patterns has been designed and implemented.  \nThis paper provides an evaluation of UML AD (version 2.0) in terms of the workflow patterns. The contributions of this evaluation are:  \n– The identification of some limitations in UML AD and recommendations for addressing these with minimal disruption to the current design of the language.  \n– Discussions on how to capture the patterns in UML AD which provide elements of reusable knowledge for process designers that encounter these patterns.  \n– A critical analysis of the UML 2.0 AD Draft Specification of the OMG, e.g., pointing out m","cbCaihxEL7Eg7UcI","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihxEL7Eg7UcI","pdf",151610,22,"English","# 1 Introduction\n# 2 Overview of UML 2.0 AD\n## 2.1 Fundamental unit: Action","[{\"question\":\"What evaluation method does the paper use for UML Activity Diagrams?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates UML 2.0 Activity Diagrams using a collection of workflow patterns to assess control-flow and data-flow capabilities.\"},{\"question\":\"Which UML Activity Diagrams aspects are analyzed in the paper?\",\"answer\":\"The paper analyzes both control flow (ordering of activities) and data flow (data perspective) capabilities, aiming to compare strengths and weaknesses.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper aim to achieve beyond evaluation?\",\"answer\":\"It identifies limitations and ambiguities in the UML 2.0 draft specification and suggests ways to address deficiencies, including typical solutions to process modeling problems.\"}]","Pattern-based Analysis of UML Activity Diagrams | PDF",1792976880,55]