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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enveloped particles mediating communication between tissues and cells. This review analyzes EV-mediated regulation of cancer cell migration and metastasis, emphasizing tumor-derived EVs, EV-based therapeutic strategies, EV inhibition and drug delivery, and key limitations that hinder clinical translation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pathological-and-therapeutic-significance-of-tumor-derived-extracellular-vesicles-in-cancer-cell-migration-and-metastasis/406306/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pathological-and-therapeutic-significance-of-tumor-derived-extracellular-vesicles-in-cancer-cell-migration-and-metastasis/406306.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"4398046744996","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why are new therapies needed for cancer metastasis?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Current treatments have limited efficiency against metastatic disease. 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Liguori 1, * and Veronika Kralj-Igliˇc 2  \nCitation: Liguori, G.L.; Kralj-Igliˇc, V. Pathological and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancers 2023, 15, 4425. [https://doi.org/](https://doi.org/)[ ](https://doi.org/)[10.3390/cancers15184425](10.3390/cancers15184425)  \nAcademic Editor: David Wong  \nReceived: 27 June 2023  \nRevised: 8 August 2023  \nAccepted: 17 August 2023  \nPublished: 5 September 2023  \nCopyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \n1 Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB)“Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy  \n2 University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; [veronika.iglic@fe.uni-lj.si](veronika.iglic@fe.uni-lj.si)  \n* Correspondence: [giovanna.liguori@igb.cnr.it](giovanna.liguori@igb.cnr.it)  \nSimple Summary: Cancer metastasis accounts for almost 90% of cancer deaths worldwide. The efficiency of current surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic approaches is limited, and new, more powerful therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Tumor metastasis as well as primary tumor invasiveness strongly rely on the ability of cancer cells to migrate at distant sites or locally in the surrounding tissue. Here, we give an overview of the underlying mechanisms, with special emphasis on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) . EVs are nanoparticles released by cells implied in cell–cell communication. They can travel in the bloodstream and in other body fluids, thus transporting molecules to specific cells and inducing specific responses. Based on the recent literature, we discuss the role of vesicles in cancer cell migration and metastasis as well as their anti-cancer therapeutic significance, focusing on tumor-derived EVs. Moreover, we propose EV encapsulation asan alternative route with specific effects on target cells.  \nAbstract: The infiltration of primary tumors and metastasis formation at distant sites strongly impact the prognosis and the quality of life of cancer patients. Current therapies including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are limited in targeting the complex cell migration mechanisms responsible for cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis. A better understanding of these mechanismsand the development of new therapies are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipidenveloped particles involved in inter-tissue and inter-cell communication. This review article focuses on the impact of EVs released by tumor cells, specifically on cancer cell migration and metastasis. We first introduce cell migration processes and EV subtypes, and we give an overview of how tumorderived EVs (TDEVs) may impact cancer cell migration. Then, we discuss ongoing EV-based cancer therapeutic approaches, including the inhibition of general EV-related mechanisms as well as the use of EVs for anti-cancer drug delivery, focusing on the harnessing of TDEVs. We propose a protein-EV shuttle as a route alternative to secretion or cell membrane binding, influencing downstream signaling and the final effect on target cells, with strong implications in tumorigenesis. Finally, we highlight the pitfalls and limitations of therapeutic EV exploitation that must be overcome to realize the promise of EVs for cancer therapy.  \nKeywords: extracellular vesicles; tumor-derived extracellular vesicles; cancer cell migration; epithelialmesenchymal transition; tumor metastasis; cance","cbCaiiK0ZCMxxAtW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiK0ZCMxxAtW","pdf",1725085,23,"English","# Simple Summary\n# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why are new therapies needed for cancer metastasis?\",\"answer\":\"Current treatments have limited efficiency against metastatic disease. Cancer metastasis and tumor invasiveness depend on the ability of cancer cells to migrate, requiring better-targeted strategies.\"},{\"question\":\"What role do extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in cancer cell migration and metastasis?\",\"answer\":\"EVs are nanoparticle messengers released by cells. They can transport molecules through body fluids to specific cells, shaping responses that support migration and metastatic behavior.\"},{\"question\":\"How does this review address therapeutic uses of tumor-derived EVs?\",\"answer\":\"It reviews EV-based therapeutic approaches, including inhibition of EV-related mechanisms and the use of EVs for anti-cancer drug delivery. It also discusses EV-based routes such as protein-EV shuttles that influence downstream signaling.\"}]","Pathological and Therapeutic Significance of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis | PDF",1790564750,58]