[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-339799-105":59,"doc-detail-339799-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","pathogenesis-of-endometriosis-and-endometriosis-associated-cancers","Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Cancers","","Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent, chronic inflammatory disorder affecting about 5–10% of reproductive-aged women. The condition involves endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus, driving chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Although commonly viewed as benign, evidence indicates increased risk for specific ovarian cancer subtypes. Cancer driver mutations in endometriotic lesions suggest shared molecular pathways with malignancy. Advances including single-cell and spatial genomics and organoid models support new mechanistic insights and targeted therapy development.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pathogenesis-of-endometriosis-and-endometriosis-associated-cancers/339799/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pathogenesis-of-endometriosis-and-endometriosis-associated-cancers/339799.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Oliver","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-28","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What causes endometriosis and why is it chronic?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Endometriosis is hormone-dependent and characterized by growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, producing cyclical bleeding, chronic inflammation, and progressive scarring.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does endometriosis relate to ovarian cancer risk?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Although often considered benign, substantial evidence shows endometriosis increases the risk of specific ovarian cancer subtypes, supported by cancer driver mutations found in endometriotic lesions.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"Why is diagnosing endometriosis difficult and how is it confirmed?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Symptoms vary widely, and some patients may be asymptomatic, with infertility as the first sign. Definitive diagnosis requires surgical assessment or laparoscopy, though noninvasive imaging such as ultrasound and MRI can improve diagnostic ability.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},339799,1790175830,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":145,"read_time":26},8796095461610,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Review  \nPathogenesis of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Cancers  \nAltynay Adilbayeva  and Jeannette Kunz *  \nCitation: Adilbayeva, A.; Kunz, J. Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7624. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147624](doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147624)  \nAcademic Editor: Alfonso Baldi  \nReceived: 18 June 2024  \nRevised: 3 July 2024  \nAccepted: 8 July 2024  \nPublished: 11 July 2024  \nCorrection Statement: This article has been republished with a minor change. The change does not affect the scientific content of the article and further details are available within the backmatter of the website version of this article.  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, 5/1 Kerey and Zhanibek Khans St, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan; [altynay.adilbayeva@nu.edu.kz](altynay.adilbayeva@nu.edu.kz)  \n* [Correspondence: jeannette.kunz@nu.edu.kz](Correspondence: jeannette.kunz@nu.edu.kz)  \nAbstract: Endometriosis is a hormone-dependent, chronic inflammatory condition that affects 5–10% of reproductive-aged women. It is a complex disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which can cause chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this disease remain poorly understood. Current treatment options are limited and focus mainly on suppressing lesion activity rather than eliminating it entirely. Although endometriosis is generally considered a benign condition, substantial evidence suggests that it increases the risk of developing specific subtypes of ovarian cancer. The discovery of cancer driver mutations in endometriotic lesions indicates that endometriosis may share molecular pathways with cancer. Moreover, the application of single-cell and spatial genomics, along with the development of organoid models, has started to illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying disease etiology. This review aims to summarize the key genetic mutations and alterations that drive the development and progression of endometriosis to malignancy. We also review the significant recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of the disorder, as well as novel approaches and in vitro models that offer new avenues for improving our understanding of disease pathology and for developing new targeted therapies.  \nKeywords: endometriosis; endometriosis-associated cancer; ovarian cancer; estrogen; PI3K/mTOR; ARID1A; KRAS; inflammation; organoids; single-cell RNA sequencing  \n1. Introduction  \nEndometriosis affects approximately 5–10% of reproductive-age women and significantly impacts quality of life due to debilitating pelvic pain and infertility [1–3] . This condition is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, most commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic peritoneum, but endometrial lesions have also been detected in the lungs, liver, pericardium, surgical scars, limbs, and even the central nervous system [1–3] . Like the tissue that normally lines the uterus, the hormone responsiveness of endometriotic tissue is maintained. Consequently, each month, the ectopic tissue responds to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, similar to that of the normal endometrium, by building up and shedding [1–3] . This, in turn, leads to cyclical bleeding inside the pelvis, chronic inflammation, and progressive scarring of the normal tissue surrounding the endometrial lesion.  \nEndometriosis is difficult to diagnose because symptoms can vary considerably","cbCaiulTBCifeStK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiulTBCifeStK","pdf",7168012,24,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction\n## Diagnosis challenges and clinical variability\n## Current diagnostic approaches and diagnostic latency","[{\"question\":\"What causes endometriosis and why is it chronic?\",\"answer\":\"Endometriosis is hormone-dependent and characterized by growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, producing cyclical bleeding, chronic inflammation, and progressive scarring.\"},{\"question\":\"How does endometriosis relate to ovarian cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"Although often considered benign, substantial evidence shows endometriosis increases the risk of specific ovarian cancer subtypes, supported by cancer driver mutations found in endometriotic lesions.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is diagnosing endometriosis difficult and how is it confirmed?\",\"answer\":\"Symptoms vary widely, and some patients may be asymptomatic, with infertility as the first sign. Definitive diagnosis requires surgical assessment or laparoscopy, though noninvasive imaging such as ultrasound and MRI can improve diagnostic ability.\"}]","Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Cancers | PDF",1790032287]