[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-583008-105":59,"doc-detail-583008-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","paternity-leave-and-child-development","Paternity leave and child development","","Study estimates how paternity leave expansions affect early child development. Using survey data on 5,000 children under age six in Spain, the analysis exploits successive policy extensions between 2017 and 2021 with a differences-in-discontinuities design based on each child’s birth date. Results show fathers’ leave length increases without changing mothers’ leave, raising parental time at home in year one. Eligibility for four additional weeks increases developmental delay incidence by 12 percentage points via shifts in time with parents and reduced use of formal childcare; effects depend on childcare quality.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/paternity-leave-and-child-development/583008/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/paternity-leave-and-child-development/583008.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Rhys","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the paper’s main research question?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The paper examines how extensions of paternity leave affect early child development and related outcomes.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is the causal effect identified?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study combines a regression discontinuity design around eligibility cutoffs with a differences-in-differences approach, using non-reform cohorts as controls.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the key findings on leave-taking and child development?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Extensions significantly increase the length of leave taken by fathers without affecting mothers’ leave, and additional eligibility increases the share of children with developmental delays by 12 percentage points.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},583008,1792189307,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687207024643,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Discussion Paper  \nISSN 2042-2695  \nNo. 2024 July 2024  \nPaternity leave and child development  \nLídia Farré  \nLibertad González Claudia Hupkau Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela  \nAbstract  \nWe study the effect of paternity leave on early child development. We collect sur-vey data on 5,000 children under age six in Spain and exploit several extensions of paternity leave that took place between 2017 and 2021. We follow a differences-in-discontinuities research design, based on the date of birth of each child and using cohorts born in non-reform years as controls. We show that the extensions led to significant increases in the length of leave taken by fathers, without affecting that of mothers, thus increasing parental time at home in the first year after birth. Eligibility for four additional weeks of paternity leave led to a significant 12 percentage-point increase in the fraction of children with developmental delays. We provide evidence for two potential mechanisms. First, children exposed to longer paternity leave spend less time alone with their mother, and more time with their father, during their first year of life. Second, treated children use less formal childcare. Our results suggest that paternity leave replaces higher-quality modes of early care. We conclude that the effects of parental leave policies on children depend crucially on the quality of parental versus counterfactual modes of childcare.  \nKeywords: paternity leave, child development, family policies, intergenerational skill transmission, regression discontinuity, differences-in-differences  \nJEL: J12; J13; J16; J18  \nThis paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Education & Skills and Labour Markets Programmes. The Centre for Economic Performance is financed by the Economic and Social Research Council.  \nGonzález and Farré acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S) . Farré, Hupkau and Ruiz-Valenzuela acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through grant PID2022-140206OBI0 of the Proyectos de Generacion de Conocimiento 2022 program.  \nLídia Farré, IAE-CSIC and Barcelona School of Economics. Libertad González, Universitat Pompeu Fabra and Barcelona School of Economics. Claudia Hupkau, CUNEF Universidad and Centre for Economic Performance at London School of Economics. Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela, Universitat de Barcelona, IEB and Centre for Economic Performance at London School of Economics.  \nPublished by  \nCentre for Economic Performance  \nLondon School of Economic and Political Science Houghton Street  \nLondon WC2A 2AE  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published.  \nRequests for permission to reproduce any article or part of the Working Paper should be sent to the editor at the above address.  \n􀂔 L. Farré, L. González, C. Hupkau and J. Ruiz-Valenzuela, submitted 2024.  \n1 Introduction  \nHuman capital is a major determinant of economic growth and individual life trajectories (Becker, 2009) . Recent research has shown that human capital formation starts in the early stages of childhood (Attanasio et al., 2022) and that shocks during this initial period can have long-lasting effects (Almond et al., 2018; García et al., 2020) . During the initial developmental stages, children primarily interact with their parents, so that parenting behaviors and the quality of the home environment can play a crucial role in shaping child outcomes (Cunha and Heckman, 2008; Cunha et al., 2010) .  \nMothers continue to be the main providers of childcare, especially during the very early stages of a child’s life. To foster fathers’ p","cbCaiaUzT8cWZI6O","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaUzT8cWZI6O","pdf",1007082,57,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the paper’s main research question?\",\"answer\":\"The paper examines how extensions of paternity leave affect early child development and related outcomes.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the causal effect identified?\",\"answer\":\"The study combines a regression discontinuity design around eligibility cutoffs with a differences-in-differences approach, using non-reform cohorts as controls.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key findings on leave-taking and child development?\",\"answer\":\"Extensions significantly increase the length of leave taken by fathers without affecting mothers’ leave, and additional eligibility increases the share of children with developmental delays by 12 percentage points.\"}]","Paternity leave and child development | PDF",1792045309,144]