[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-663407-105":59,"doc-detail-663407-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","patentformer-a-novel-method-to-automate-the-generation-of-patent-applications","Patentformer - A Novel Method to Automate the Generation of Patent Applications","","Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) perform well on many NLP tasks, yet generating patent documents with correct legal writing style remains underexplored. This work proposes Patentformer, fine-tuning generative models using diverse patent information such as claims, drawing text, and brief drawing descriptions. It introduces the task claim+drawing-to-specification and releases a new dataset. Evaluation on thousands of USPTO patents plus expert human reviews show human-like, sometimes even superior, specification quality.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/patentformer-a-novel-method-to-automate-the-generation-of-patent-applications/663407/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/patentformer-a-novel-method-to-automate-the-generation-of-patent-applications/663407.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does Patentformer address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Automating generation of patent specifications with accurate legal writing style and sufficient support from claims and drawings remains difficult for existing LLMs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What inputs does Patentformer use to generate specifications?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Patentformer fine-tunes generative models using diverse information including patent claims, drawing text, and brief descriptions of the drawings.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How is the new task and dataset related to the proposed method?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The paper introduces the task claim+drawing-to-specification to improve model comprehension and releases a new dataset for evaluation and training.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},663407,1793227293,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":31},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Patentformer: A Novel Method to Automate the Generation of Patent  \nApplications  \nJuanyan Wang1  \n[juanyan.wang@partner.samsung.com](juanyan.wang@partner.samsung.com)  \nSai Krishna Reddy Mudhiganti1  \n[s.mudhiganti@samsung.com](s.mudhiganti@samsung.com)  \nManali Sharma1  \n[manali.s@samsung.com](manali.s@samsung.com)[ ](manali.s@samsung.com)1 Samsung Semiconductor, Inc.  \nSan Jose, CA  \nAbstract  \nIn recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performances across various NLP tasks. However, their potential for automating the task of writing patent documents remains relatively unexplored. To address this gap, in this work, we propose a novel method, Patentformer, for generating patent specification by fine-tuning the generative models with diverse sources of information, e.g., patent claims, drawing text, and brief descriptions of the drawings. To enhance the generative models’ comprehension of the complex task of writing patent specification, we introduce a new task, claim+drawing-tospecification, and release a new dataset. We evaluate our proposed method on thousands of patents from the USPTO 1 and show that our method can generate human-like patent specification in legal writing style. Human evaluations by four patent experts further affirm that our proposed method has the potential to generate correct specification, and the quality of generated specification may sometimes be better than the actual specification.  \n1 Introduction  \nPatents are legal documents that require a very specific writing style where certain words and phrases carry specific meanings, e.g., an “embodiment” of the invention refers to the physical manifestation of the invention or idea. A patent document usually consists of the title, abstract, field of the invention, background, summary of the invention, independent claims, dependent claims, drawings, brief descriptions of the drawings, and a detailed description of the invention which is also referred to as the specification. Traditionally, patents are drafted by the patent attorneys who have extensive knowledge of both the law and the patent system, and it costs over $10K on average to draft a moderately complex patent (Quinn, 2015) . Usually, the  \n1 [https://www.uspto.gov/](https://www.uspto.gov/)  \npatent attorneys read the invention disclosure documents and interview the inventor(s) to understand the technical details of the invention, and then they draft the claims, drawings, and specification. Patent claims protect the boundaries of the invention, and hence, drafting claims requires the expertise of the patent attorneys. The drawings must follow the requirements of the patent office, and label every element of the drawing mentioned in the specification with a unique number. However, the bulk of patent text consists of specification, and the patent attorneys need to spend a significant amount of time and effort in drafting the specification to describe the invention in detail based on the claims and drawings. Figure 1 shows an example of a patent claim, relevant drawing, and the specification supporting the claim. In this work, we assume that the patent attorneys can provide their drafted claims and additional drawings as input to our system to automatically generate patent specification.  \nTransformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) such as BERT (Devlin et al., 2019), T5 (Raffel et al., 2020), Gemini (Team et al., 2023), and GPT-3 (Brown et al., 2020) and its successor GPT-4 (Achiam et al., 2023) have shown impressive performances in the field of natural language generation. However, automating the generation of human-quality patent specification remains challenging for these LLMs, especially because patents are intricate legal documents that require each claim to be adequately supported in the specification, and the specification must describe the invention in sufficient details using the associated drawings. Hence, patents contain much more technical information ","cbCailzdwpL7bUOK","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailzdwpL7bUOK","pdf",2188394,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Patent drafting workflow and challenges\n## LLM limitations for legal specification\n# Proposed approach and contributions","[{\"question\":\"What problem does Patentformer address?\",\"answer\":\"Automating generation of patent specifications with accurate legal writing style and sufficient support from claims and drawings remains difficult for existing LLMs.\"},{\"question\":\"What inputs does Patentformer use to generate specifications?\",\"answer\":\"Patentformer fine-tunes generative models using diverse information including patent claims, drawing text, and brief descriptions of the drawings.\"},{\"question\":\"How is the new task and dataset related to the proposed method?\",\"answer\":\"The paper introduces the task claim+drawing-to-specification to improve model comprehension and releases a new dataset for evaluation and training.\"}]","Patentformer - A Novel Method to Automate the Generation of Patent Applications | PDF"]