[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-37257-en":3,"doc-seo-37257-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},37257,687197100911,"Himbo","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/a000239b6f1da00475?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1782698725881665579",8,"Research & Report","Participation in GVCs and CO 2 emissions","The study examines determinants of per capita CO2 emissions through the lens of international trade, focusing on how vertical specialization and intra-industry transactions shape emissions alongside global value chain participation. Using panel data from 62 countries and regions over 1995–2011, it estimates the impact of GVC participation on per-capita CO2 emissions. Results show an inverted U-shaped link between GVC participation and emissions at aggregate and most industry levels, and an N-shaped pattern for per-capita GDP. R&D, energy conservation, and population control are identified as benign drivers, with growth- or emissions-worsening pressures from low GDP or low GVC participation that R&D investment can moderate or reverse.","Journal Pre-proof  \nParticipation in GVCs and CO 2 emissions Jing Wang, Guanghua Wan, Chen Wang  \nPII: S0140-9883(19)30356-1  \nDOI: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104561](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104561)  \nReference: ENEECO 104561  \nTo appear in:  \nReceived Date: 19 March 2019  \nRevised Date: 27 August 2019  \nAccepted Date: 15 October 2019  \nPlease cite this article as: Jing W, Wan G, Wang C, Participation in GVCs and CO 2 emissions, Energy Economics (2019), doi: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104561](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104561)  \nThis is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such asthe addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.  \n© 2019 Published by Elsevier.  \nParticipation in GVCs and CO2 emissions  \n[Jing Wang jing. wang@ctbu.edu.cn](Jing Wang jing. wang@ctbu.edu.cn)[ ](Jing Wang jing. wang@ctbu.edu.cn)Assistant Professor  \nSchool of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, No. 19, Xuefu Ave., Nan’an District, Chongqing, China 400067  \nGuanghua Wan [guanghuawan@fudan.edu.cn](guanghuawan@fudan.edu.cn)  \nProfessor  \nSchool of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Institute of World Economy, Fudan University, No. 220, Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China 200433  \nChen Wang* [wang.chen@mail.shufe.edu.cn](wang.chen@mail.shufe.edu.cn)[ ](wang.chen@mail.shufe.edu.cn)Associate Professor  \nInstitute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, 777 Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China 200433  \n*Corresponding Author  \nHighlights  \n􀁸 The participation degree in global value chains (GVCs) and per capita CO2 emissions display an inverted U-shaped relationship.  \n􀁸 Per capita GDP shows an N-shaped relationship with per capita CO2 emissions, as underdeveloped countries tend to prioritize growth over the environment.  \n􀁸 Large population size and high per capita energy consumption would enhance CO2 emissions.  \n􀁸 More R&D investments and stricter environmental policies are found to help reduce per capita CO2 emissions.  \nAbstract  \nThis paper attempts to explore the determinants of CO2 emissions in the context of international trade. While there exist studies that examine the roles of horizontal specialization and inter-industry trade transactions, little previous research attention has been paid to the roles of vertical specialization and intra-industry trade transactions in affecting CO2 emissions. To fill the knowledge gap, this study uses the panel data of 62 countries and regions for the period of 1995-2011 to estimate the effect of participation in global value chains (GVCs) on per capita CO2 emissions. Major findings include: (1) The relationship between participation degrees in GVCs and per capita CO2 emissions is found to be inversely U-shaped at the aggregate economy-level and for most individual industries; (2) Per capita GDP shows an N-shaped relationship with per capita CO2 emissions; and (3) Benign drivers of CO2 emissions include R&D, energy conservation, and population control. It can be concluded that countries with low GDP or GVC participation degrees are expected to experience worsening CO2 emissions in the short or even medium run. This trend, however, can be moderated or even reversed with more  \nR&D investments.  \nKeywords: CO2 Emission; Global Value Chain (GVC); Backward and Forward Participation; Trade  \nJEL Code: F18, Q56, F14  \n1. Introduction  \nExploitation of the earth to satisfy the insatiable human demands has led to environme","cbCailgNDP5K11Ai","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailgNDP5K11Ai","pdf",4217438,2,1,44,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Research motivation and context\n# Study design and key variables\n## Data and period\n## Econometric estimation approach\n# Empirical results\n## GVC participation and CO2 emissions\n## GDP patterns with CO2 emissions\n## Policy and R&D drivers\n# Conclusions and implications","[{\"question\":\"How does participation in global value chains relate to per capita CO2 emissions?\",\"answer\":\"The relationship is found to be inversely U-shaped between GVC participation degrees and per capita CO2 emissions at the aggregate economy level and for most individual industries.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the relationship between per capita GDP and per capita CO2 emissions?\",\"answer\":\"Per capita GDP shows an N-shaped relationship with per capita CO2 emissions.\"},{\"question\":\"Which factors help reduce per capita CO2 emissions in the study?\",\"answer\":\"More R\\u0026D investments, energy conservation, and population control are identified as benign drivers that can help reduce per capita CO2 emissions, potentially moderating or even reversing worsening 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