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It shows that 12.1% of adults aged 18–64 have low literacy skills and challenges assumptions about their everyday lives. Using variables on everyday practices, the analysis identifies where low literacy contributes to exclusion from participation, focusing on health, politics, and digital practices. Differences appear in autonomy and in understanding information and judging its trustworthiness.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/participation-and-independence-with-low-literacy-selected-findings-of-the-leo-2018-survey-on-low-literacy-in-germany/589101/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/participation-and-independence-with-low-literacy-selected-findings-of-the-leo-2018-survey-on-low-literacy-in-germany/589101.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Nguyễn Văn Học","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-09","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How common is low literacy among adults in Germany according to the LEO 2018 survey?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The survey reports that 12.1% of adults aged 18–64 in Germany have low literacy skills, corresponding to 6.2 million adults.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which areas of everyday life are most linked to exclusion for adults with low literacy?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Low literacy is associated with reduced participation especially in health, politics, and digital practices.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Does the study find exclusion related to online writing for adults with low literacy?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No. The analysis did not find exclusion in online writing, but it identified differences in autonomy and in assessing information and its trustworthiness.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},589101,1792209640,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":36,"preview_page_count":4},1374402739827,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/14000c97e7351f1a627?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1787885694763230660","ADULT LITERACY EDUCATION Fall 2021  \n| [http://doi.org/10.35847/KBuddeberg.GDutz.LHeilmann.CStammer.AGrotluschen.3.3.19](http://doi.org/10.35847/KBuddeberg.GDutz.LHeilmann.CStammer.AGrotluschen.3.3.19) |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | Research Article |\n\nParticipation and Independence with Low Literacy: Selected Findings ofthe LEO 2018 Survey on Low Literacy in Germany  \nKlaus Buddeberg, Gregor Dutz, Lisanne Heilmann, Christopher Stammer, and Anke Grotlüschen, Hamburg University  \nAbstract  \nThis paper presents findings by the LEO Survey 2018 – Living with Low Literacy. It found that in Germany 12.1% of the adult population (aged between 18 and 64 years) have low literacy skills. This paper questions existing assumptions about the everyday life of adults with low literacy. Based on variables on everyday practices, we work out in which areas of life low literacy leads to exclusion from participation – specifically in terms of health, politics, and digital practices. While our analysis did not find an exclusion in online writing, it revealed differences in the autonomy and in the ability to understand information and to assess its trustworthiness for adults with low literacy skills.  \nKeywords: low literacy, educational benefits, participation  \nThe discussion on basic education and on literacy often focuses on the relationship between literacy skills and one’s autonomy and participation in daily life. Adult education promises to be beneficial for societal and economic development (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2013, 2018) as well as for individual wellbeing:  \nAdult education and training (AET) represent an important opportunity for adults with low literacy and numeracy proficiencies to improve their competences and consequently their chances for better integration in the economic and social life and overall personal wellbeing.(Grotlüschen et al., 2016, p. 10)  \nThe large-scale literacy assessment LEO Survey 2018 – Living with Low Literacy (LEO 2018) looked at the German-speaking adult population between 18 and 64 years of age. The survey found that in 2018 in Germany 12.1% of the adult population have low literacy skills. These 12.1% equal 6.2 million adults (Grotlüschen et al., 2020a). Based on these data, we look at the specific relation between literacy skills and individual benefits in term of autonomy and participation. To this end, we have examined several everyday practices and basic skills for their connection with the level of literacy. In some cases, we find a clear correlation between these practices and the level of reading and writing skills.  \nCorrespondence: klaus. buddeberg@uni-hamburg.de 19  \n Literature Review  \nLiteracy as More Than Reading and Writing  \nTalking about literacy, we often look at a continuum between literate and illiterate asthe competence to read and write. This literacy is then related to social exclusion. Sometimes we might even look for a concrete threshold, a suitable minimum, beyond which social participation is granted and below which education is required and offered. As a result, educational research and practice are directed towards short-term, quantifiable educational outcomes (e.g., higher literacy scores, cf.  \nTillmann et al., 2008; Waldow, 2009). In this paper, we use a large-scale survey to argue fora broader and more diverse understanding of education and basic competences instead.  \nRelating literacy scores to everyday practices and self-reported competences allows us to question in which areas of everyday life a \"minimum\" of literacy skills is actually required to facilitate participation and in which areas other skills or factors need to be taken in account instead of orin addition to literacy.  \nThe term basic education is often used to describe a minimum level of competences that people must have in order to participate in society. To this end, specific areas must be defined, and competences have to be identified.  \nLEO 2018 draws on a definition o","cbCaihenexOiD722","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihenexOiD722","pdf",293267,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Literature Review\n## Literacy as More Than Reading and Writing\n## Concepts and Definitions of Literacy\n## Literacy Skills and Participation Outcomes","[{\"question\":\"How common is low literacy among adults in Germany according to the LEO 2018 survey?\",\"answer\":\"The survey reports that 12.1% of adults aged 18–64 in Germany have low literacy skills, corresponding to 6.2 million adults.\"},{\"question\":\"Which areas of everyday life are most linked to exclusion for adults with low literacy?\",\"answer\":\"Low literacy is associated with reduced participation especially in health, politics, and digital practices.\"},{\"question\":\"Does the study find exclusion related to online writing for adults with low literacy?\",\"answer\":\"No. The analysis did not find exclusion in online writing, but it identified differences in autonomy and in assessing information and its trustworthiness.\"}]","Participation and Independence with Low Literacy - Selected Findings of the LEO 2018 Survey on Low Literacy in Germany | PDF",1792066555]