[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-595871-105":59,"doc-detail-595871-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","parents-parenting-styles-and-academic-achievement-of-underachievers-and-high-achievers-at-middle-school-level","Parents’ Parenting Styles and Academic Achievement of Underachievers and High Achievers at Middle School Level","","The research examines how fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles affect the academic achievement of underachiever and high achiever children at the middle school level. A purposive sample of 210 participants was used, including 70 students (35 low achievers and 35 high achievers) and their 70 parents. Parents were interviewed to determine parenting style, and SPSS 21 analysis was performed. ANOVA compared parenting styles with achievement, while a t-test assessed differences between groups, showing improved results for fully authoritative, fully permissive, and mixed parenting compared with permissive-only.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/parents-parenting-styles-and-academic-achievement-of-underachievers-and-high-achievers-at-middle-school-level/595871/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/parents-parenting-styles-and-academic-achievement-of-underachievers-and-high-achievers-at-middle-school-level/595871.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What does the study investigate about underachievers and high achievers?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It investigates how fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles influence academic achievement among underachiever and high achiever children at the middle school level.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were participants selected and parenting styles measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A purposive sample of 210 participants (70 students and their 70 parents) was selected, and parents were interviewed to determine their parenting style.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which statistical methods were used to analyze the data?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The study used SPSS 21, applying ANOVA to compare parenting styles with academic achievement and a t-test to test differences between underachievers and high achievers.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595871,1792117247,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Parents’ Parenting Styles and Academic Achievement of Underachievers and High Achievers at Middle School Level  \nAttiya Inam*, Sara Nomaan** and Muhammad Abiodullah***  \nAbstract  \nThe current research was conducted to find out the effect of parenting styles of both fathersand mothers on academic achievement of the underachiever and high achiever children. A sample of 210 participants including 70 students (35 low achievers and 35 high achievers) and their 70 parents (both fathers and mothers) was purposefully selected. The parents of the selected students were interviewed to find out their parenting style. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Parenting styles were compared to students’ academic achievement through ANOVA. t-test was conducted to find difference between underachievers and high achievers. Findings showed that students whose parents were fully authoritative, fully permissive or those who were using a mix of authoritative and permissive parenting style showed significantly better result than the students whose parents were permissive in their actions only.  \nKeywords: Parenting, authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, academic underachievement  \n*Assistant Professor, College of Home Economics Gulberg Lahore. Email: [attiya_inam@yahoo.com](attiya_inam@yahoo.com)  \n** Lecturer, Home Economics College, Islamabad  \n***Assistant Professor, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore  \nIntroduction  \nAcademic underachievement is considered to be one of the major important area related to the children’s education and is continuously being studied for the last few decades (McCoach & Siegle, 2011) . Emerick (1992) concluded that a brilliant child not performing parallel to his mental ability is the most bewildering condition. Underachievement is an old phenomenon but has gained recognition recently. Younger, Warrington and McLellan (2005) reported, “the underachievement of girls and boys is a complex and multi-dimensional problem.’  \nPhillipson, 2008; Reis and McCoach (2000) and Rimm (2008) broadly defined underachievement as a difference of child’s accomplishment at school and his abilities. Battle (2002) described underachievement as disparity between students’achievement and his capability. Specifically the term is used for the students performing significantly better in their aptitude test but in contrast performing significantly low in their academics.  \nMalik and Badla (2006) showed existence of bright underachievers. Many educators, like Abbette (2007) agreed that underachievement was one of the most serious problems faced by schools, affecting nearly one out of four children. Lupert and Pyryt (1996) concluded that the problem of underachievement was growing and was most significantly growing in grades five through eight, making it a great concern for educators of young adolescents. According to Rimm (2006) underachievement could begin in elementary school as early as third or fourth grade. Battle (2002) affirmed that the number of underachievers increases dramatically in middle school. He further elaborated that it was during six to eigh grade that a pattern of underachievement consistently emerged in academic as well as non-academic fields.  \nRimm (2006) mentioned that a number of factors coalesce to make middle schools more vulnerable for underachievement such as child’s stress about his intelligence and self-image, more challenging middle school curriculum, and the competitiveness with adolescents. He further elaborated that there was neither a gene nor a neurological or biological explanation for underachievement so it was important to understand that underachievers were not born; they learned to underachieve. Reasons behind the child's underachievement need exploration of main components of child's education; the home and the school. At home, the parents consciously or unconsciously prepare the child for school. According to Alarcon (1997) children are","cbCaifvoJVFvvdst","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifvoJVFvvdst","pdf",552150,18,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Parenting style and academic achievement\n## Underachievement in middle school\n## Baumrind classification of parenting styles","[{\"question\":\"What does the study investigate about underachievers and high achievers?\",\"answer\":\"It investigates how fathers’ and mothers’ parenting styles influence academic achievement among underachiever and high achiever children at the middle school level.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants selected and parenting styles measured?\",\"answer\":\"A purposive sample of 210 participants (70 students and their 70 parents) was selected, and parents were interviewed to determine their parenting style.\"},{\"question\":\"Which statistical methods were used to analyze the data?\",\"answer\":\"The study used SPSS 21, applying ANOVA to compare parenting styles with academic achievement and a t-test to test differences between underachievers and high achievers.\"}]","Parents’ Parenting Styles and Academic Achievement of Underachievers and High Achievers at Middle School Level | PDF",1792082021,45]