[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-329096-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-329096-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","parasites-revive-hope-for-cancer-therapy","Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy","","Parasites have a long-standing stigma as harmful organisms, yet evidence shows they can be repurposed as anti-cancer tools that shift perception from misery to therapeutic promise. Multiple parasite types, including helminths and protozoan parasites and specific derivatives, have inhibited tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis across experimental colorectal, lung, and breast cancer models. The review summarizes preclinical in vitro and in vivo responses and highlights mechanisms such as immunomodulation and molecular mimicry.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/parasites-revive-hope-for-cancer-therapy/329096/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/parasites-revive-hope-for-cancer-therapy/329096.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rowan","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How do parasites contribute to anti-cancer therapy according to the review?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Parasites can inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and molecular mimicry with cancer cells, supported by in vitro and in vivo studies.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Which cancer types and experimental models are discussed?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The review describes promising results against multiple cancers, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, using different experimental models and preclinical animal studies.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What progress is suggested to move from experiments toward effective treatment?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Upgrading research from the experimental level to clinical trials is presented as a wise next step to efficiently exploit parasites’ anti-neoplastic capabilities and ultimately save lives.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},329096,1790126000,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":145,"read_time":146},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Eissa etal. European Journal  \nEuropean Journal of Medical Research (2024) 29:489  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-02057-2](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-02057-2 of Medical Research)[ of Medical Research](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-02057-2 of Medical Research)  \n REVIEW Open Access  \nParasites revive hope for cancer therapy  \nMaha M. Eissa 1*, Ahmed Ebada Salem2 and Nahla El Skhawy1  \nAbstract  \nParasites have attained a life-long stigma of being detrimental organisms with deleterious outcomes. Yet, recently, a creditable twist was verified that can dramatically change our perception of those parasites from being a source of misery to millions of people to a useful anti-cancerous tool. Various parasites have shown promise to combat cancer in different experimental models, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, among others. Helminthsand protozoan parasites, as well as their derivatives such as Echinococcus granulosus protein KI-1, Toxoplasma gondii GRA15II, and Trypanosoma cruzi calreticulin, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This article provides an overview of the literature on various cancer types that have shown promising responses to parasite therapy in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Parasites have shown anti-neoplastic activity through a variety of mechanisms that collectively contribute to their anti-cancer properties. These include immunomodulation, inhibition of angiogenesis, and molecular mimicry with cancer cells. This review article shedslight on this intriguing emerging field and emphasizes the value of collaborative multidisciplinary research projects with funding agencies and pharmaceutical companies. Thus, these strategies would secure continuous exploration of this new avenue and accelerate the advancement of cancer therapy research. Although experimental studies are heavily conducted by leaps and bounds, further steps are definitely lagging. Upgrading research from the experimental level to the clinical trial would be a wise progression toward efficient exploitation of the anti-neoplastic capabilities of parasites, ultimately saving countless lives.  \nKeywords Cancer immunotherapy, Cancer vaccine candidates, Parasitic immunotherapy, Immunomodulation, Antiangiogenesis, Molecular mimicry theory  \nIntroduction  \nCancer is a worldwide life-threatening concern that imposes heavy health and economic burdens every year. Approximately 20 million new cancer cases and 10 million deaths are reported annually [1]. By 2040, it is expected that the global burden of new cancer cases will increase to 30 million [2]. This emphasizes the value of exploring new therapeutic horizons to chase safe,  \n*Correspondence:  \nMaha M. Eissa [maha.eissa@alexmed.edu.eg](maha.eissa@alexmed.edu.eg)  \n1 Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt  \n2 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 48123, USA  \nefficient drugs and detour away from traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery that inevitably have lethal drawbacks [3]. Recent advancements in cancer therapeutic and preventive methods include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, precision medicine, and gene therapy [4].  \nCancer immunotherapy is a promising approach to fighting cancer by restoring the balance of the immune system. It is an emerging and revolutionary weapon with various successful trials, offering hope in the battle against cancer [5]. Advancements in cancer immunotherapy have been significant every decade. It effectively targets cancer cells by engaging the immune system creating biological stimulation to break the tolerance and eliciting a hostile environment for tumor growth. Multiple categories are included under the umbrella of cancer immunotherapy, such as adoptive T-cell transfer,  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Op","cbCaijEHrE770NdS","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijEHrE770NdS","pdf",2032610,56,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Cancer burden and treatment challenges\n## Cancer immunotherapy approaches\n## Role of pathogens and hygiene hypothesis\n## Cancer vaccines in immunotherapy","[{\"question\":\"How do parasites contribute to anti-cancer therapy according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"Parasites can inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and molecular mimicry with cancer cells, supported by in vitro and in vivo studies.\"},{\"question\":\"Which cancer types and experimental models are discussed?\",\"answer\":\"The review describes promising results against multiple cancers, including colorectal, lung, and breast cancers, using different experimental models and preclinical animal studies.\"},{\"question\":\"What progress is suggested to move from experiments toward effective treatment?\",\"answer\":\"Upgrading research from the experimental level to clinical trials is presented as a wise next step to efficiently exploit parasites’ anti-neoplastic capabilities and ultimately save lives.\"}]","Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy | PDF",1789982423,141]