[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43198-en":3,"doc-seo-43198-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43198,687197207639,"Asher","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Paradiplomacy Cities and States as Global Players","Paradiplomacy: Cities and States as Global Players examines how subnational governments—cities and states—engage in foreign relations and international cooperation. It develops the essentials of paradiplomacy, mapping the institutional infrastructure that enables cross-border action and the external policies subnational actors pursue. The work presents case studies of subnational governments in practice and concludes with an agenda of challenges ahead, framed as “homework” for future research and implementation.","PARADIPLOMACY  \nPARADIPLOMACY  \nCities and States as Global Players  \nRodrigo Tavares  \n1  \n1  \nOxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthersthe University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries.  \nPublished in the United States of America by Oxford University Press  \n198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.© Oxford University Press 2016  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above.  \nYou must not circulate this work in any other form  \nand you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Tavares, Rodrigo.  \nTitle: Paradiplomacy : cities and states as global players / Rodrigo Tavares.  \nDescription: New York : Oxford University Press,[2016] | Includes bibliographical references and index.  \nIdentifiers: LCCN 2016005123| ISBN 9780190462116 (hardcover : alk. paper) |  \nISBN 9780190462123 (pbk. : alk. paper)  \nSubjects: LCSH: Subnational governments—Foreign relations. | Municipal government—International cooperation. | Globalization—Political aspects. Classification: LCC JZ4059 .T38 2016 | DDC 327.2—dc23 LC record available  \nat [http://lccn.loc.gov/2016005123](http://lccn.loc.gov/2016005123)  \n9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nPaperback printed by WebCom, Inc., Canada  \nHardback printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America  \nTo my father, José Francisco Tavares Por estar sempre presente, mesmo quando ausente  \nContents  \nAcknowledgments | ix  \n1. Essentials of Paradiplomacy | 1  \n2. Institutional Infrastructure of Paradiplomacy | 62  \n3. External Policies by Subnational Governments | 116  \n4. Case Studies: Subnational Governments in Action | 148  \n5. Challenges Ahead: Homework | 228  \nNOTES | 241  \nREFERENCES | 251  \nINDEX | 263  \nAcknowledgments  \nNo book is an island. During the time I spent writing the book, my path crossed the life of countless people who, even if unaware of it, provided data or inspiration to the endeavor. My first thanks go to my team at the Office of Foreign Affairs of São Paulo’s State Government, who showed an unusual determination to make a difference in public service and in global paradiplomacy. I am also indebted to the Taubman Center for State and Local Government at Harvard University, and mainly to its director, professor Jeffrey B. Liebman, for inviting me to become a Senior Research Fellow with the mission to advance knowledge on the global competitiveness of cities and states.  \nThe book is also a reflection of the desire of a very significant number of practitioners in having their foreign policy work critically assessed and academically contextualized. Although it will not be possible to list all scholars and practitioners who added value to the book with their views, I would like to underline the contribution of Andrey Brito, Anna Bazza, Anne Vanhollebeke, Anthony Taieb, Bruno Sarra-Bournet, Chloé Choquier, Eric Marquis, Erich Watzl, Francesca Guardiola Sala, Gala Dahlet, Hunter M. Richard, Ingrid Brachner, Jakub Eberle, Jessy Gelinas, Josep Maria Buades Juan, Joseph Alessi, Klaus Ulrich, Koen Jongbloet, Laudemar Aguiar, Laurine Platzky, Maria Luisa Zapata Trujillo, Marie-Claude Francoeur, Michael Hinterdobler, Pedro Spadale, Regina Rutenberg, Rodrigo V. Oliveira, Sun-hee Jang, Todd Barrett, Tomas Kroyer, and","cbCaitGRCoOrcAGb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitGRCoOrcAGb","pdf",2893977,3,1,289,"English","en",105,"# Essentials of Paradiplomacy\n# Institutional Infrastructure of Paradiplomacy\n# External Policies by Subnational Governments\n# Case Studies: Subnational Governments in Action\n# Challenges Ahead: Homework\n# References\n# Index","[{\"question\":\"What is paradiplomacy in this book?\",\"answer\":\"Paradiplomacy refers to foreign-relations activities conducted by subnational governments such as cities and states, positioning them as global players through international engagement and cooperation.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book structure the study of paradiplomacy?\",\"answer\":\"It begins with the essentials, then explains the institutional infrastructure that makes paradiplomatic action possible, followed by external policies, case studies, and finally challenges ahead.\"},{\"question\":\"What types of evidence are used to explain subnational governments in action?\",\"answer\":\"The book includes case studies that illustrate how subnational governments operate in international contexts, supported by bibliographical references and an index for further 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