[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-295139-105":59,"doc-detail-295139-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","pao-policy-statement-vision-requirements-for-driving-policy","PAO POLICY STATEMENT - Vision Requirements for Driving - Policy","","The Philippine Academy of Ophthalmology (PAO) outlines a policy vision standard to support road safety by addressing the health issue of visual requirements for driving. While license issuance rests with the Land Transportation Office (LTO), PAO calls for evidence-informed visual standards and recommendations to ensure only physically qualified individuals operate commercial motor vehicles. The document sets project objectives including a minimum visual standard, inexpensive screening tests, and a standard protocol for ophthalmologists to further evaluate screening failures.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pao-policy-statement-vision-requirements-for-driving-policy/295139/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pao-policy-statement-vision-requirements-for-driving-policy/295139.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Elsa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-20","2026-09-18",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why does PAO consider vision important for safe driving?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"PAO recognizes that safe operation of motor vehicles depends on visual capabilities, even though evidence linking specific vision problems to road injuries is weak. It frames visual assessment as a major health issue for driving safety.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What is the main objective of the PAO project described in the document?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The project aims to promote road safety by endorsing a minimum visual standard, proposing vision screening tests to identify visually fit applicants, and developing a standard protocol for ophthalmologists to further evaluate those who fail screening.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does the document distinguish visual functions from functional vision?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It explains that visual functions describe how the eye operates, while functional vision describes how a person functions in vision-related activities. 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Vision is regarded important in the safe operation of motor vehicles but while the evidence relating vision problems to road injuries is weak , visual assessment for driving is considered a major health issue.1  \nAlthough the responsibility for the issuance of driver’s license belongs to the Land Transportation Office of the Philippines (LTO) , the Academy acknowledges the need to set visual standards and develop recommendations for use in the refinement of current statutory requirements for driving licensure in order that only persons who are physically qualified operate commercial motor vehicles.  \nObjective  \nThe purpose of this project is to promote road safety:  \n1. through the endorsement of a minimum visual standard for driving, based on current research evidence or on consensus where evidence is lacking ;  \n2. by proposing vision screening tests that  \n􀂃 shall identify applicants who are visually fit from those visually impaired or at risk for driving  \n􀂃 are inexpensive and simple enough to be administered by the common personnel of the licensing agency, and  \n3. by developing a standard protocol by which the ophthalmologist may further evaluate and provide guidance for driving applicants who fail the screening tests  \nBackground  \nDriving is a highly visual task. About 90 percent of information used while driving is derived from vision.2 Despite the apparent link between driving and vision, there is adearth of data that can establish the relationship between the methods used in evaluating driver’s vision and collision risks.  \nIn 2002 , the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) pointed out the difference between Visual Functions, which describe how the eye functions and Functional Vision, which describes how the person functions in vision-related activities. Accordingly, the  \n1 International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) . Visual Standards Vision Requirements for Driving Safety with Emphasis on Individual Assessment at the 30th World Ophthalmology Congress Sao Paulo, Brazil, February 2006 .  \n2 Hills RL, Burg A (1980) . A re-analysis of Californian driver vision data: general findings.Research Report LR 768, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne.  \nrelationship between visual functions and functional vision is complex and cannot be inferred from the evaluation of one component alone.  \nCurrent clinical tests merely measure a performance threshold. Real-life activities demand sustainable, supra-threshold performance. Thus, establishing the visual criteria for driving will require finding a safe margin between performance on clinical tests and performance in actual traffic, rather than a cut-off value between competence and incompetence. Simply put, safe driving does not depend only on what is seen, but rather on how efficiently drivers respond to what is seen.3  \nVisual functions which include acuity, field, contrast, color and night vision are much easier to measure in office examinations than functional vision, which refer to the performance of daily living skills such as mobility and driving. For this reason, measurement of visual functions is often used as a substitute to estimate functional vision. This estimate, although poor in predicting at-fault crash involvement,4 is used to further estimate driving safety.  \nDespite the lack of empirical evidence upon which recommendations may be based , there seems to be worldwide consensus that tests for visual functions provide an adequate margin between office measurements and road safety.  \nVisual Functions Crucial to Driving  \n1. Visual Acuity  \nThe most widely measured parameter and in fact, the only criterion applied in most countries is the visual acuity. The minimum criterion for distant visual acuity is 20/40 (0 .5, 6/12), measured in each eye and in both eyes, with or without correctiv","cbCaiebma9L00fJy","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiebma9L00fJy","pdf",135017,11,"English","# Policy\n## Objective\n## Background\n## Visual Functions Crucial to Driving\n### Visual Acuity\n### Peripheral Visual Field","[{\"question\":\"Why does PAO consider vision important for safe driving?\",\"answer\":\"PAO recognizes that safe operation of motor vehicles depends on visual capabilities, even though evidence linking specific vision problems to road injuries is weak. It frames visual assessment as a major health issue for driving safety.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the PAO project described in the document?\",\"answer\":\"The project aims to promote road safety by endorsing a minimum visual standard, proposing vision screening tests to identify visually fit applicants, and developing a standard protocol for ophthalmologists to further evaluate those who fail screening.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document distinguish visual functions from functional vision?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that visual functions describe how the eye operates, while functional vision describes how a person functions in vision-related activities. The relationship between them is complex and cannot be inferred from one component alone.\"}]","PAO POLICY STATEMENT - Vision Requirements for Driving - Policy | PDF",28]