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To advance precision oncology, this study integrates genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses using paired patient samples across CRC progression, explicitly accounting for tumor heterogeneity. Fresh-frozen tissues include matched healthy colon mucosa, primary colorectal carcinoma, and liver metastasis, with somatic mutations, transcriptome microarrays, and proteomics (LC-MS/MS; validated gel electrophoresis). Results show patient-specific expression differences while tumor versus metastasis targets show no differential findings at the RNA/protein level.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/panomics-reveals-patient-individuality-as-the-major-driver-of-colorectal-cancer-progression/384398/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/panomics-reveals-patient-individuality-as-the-major-driver-of-colorectal-cancer-progression/384398.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main goal of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses to identify significant expression differences during colorectal cancer progression using paired patient samples while considering tumor heterogeneity.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which tissue types were compared in the patient-matched design?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Matched healthy colon mucosa, colorectal carcinoma, and liver metastasis were analyzed from the same patients under strict cryogenic conditions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What did the study find when comparing tumor and metastatic tissues?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"No differentially expressed RNA or protein targets were detected between tumor and metastatic tissues, even though panomics identified lower expression of several markers in malignant tissues versus healthy mucosa.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},384398,1790719547,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Praus et al. Journal of Translational Medicine (2023) 21:41  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03855-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-022-03855-0)  \nJournal of Translational Medicine  \n RESEARCH Open Access  \nPanomics reveals patient individuality as the major driver of colorectal cancer  \nprogression  \nFriederike Praus1†, Axel Künstner2†, Thorben Sauer 1, Michael Kohl 1,2, Katharina Kern 1, Steffen Deichmann3,Ákos Végvári4,5, Tobias Keck3, Hauke Busch2, Jens K. Habermann 1,6 and Timo Gemoll1*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, with over one million new cases per year. Overall, prognosis of CRC largely depends on the disease stage and metastatic status. As precision oncology for patients with CRC continues to improve, this study aimed to integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses to identify significant differences in expression during CRC progression using a unique set of paired patient samples while considering tumour heterogeneity.  \nMethods We analysed fresh-frozen tissue samples prepared under strict cryogenic conditions of matched healthy colon mucosa, colorectal carcinoma, and liver metastasis from the same patients. Somatic mutations of known cancer-related genes were analysed using Illumina’sTruSeq Amplicon Cancer Panel; the transcriptome was assessed comprehensively using Clariom D microarrays. The global proteome was evaluated by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) and validated by two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis. Subsequent unsupervised principal component clustering, statistical comparisons, and gene set enrichment analyses were calculated based on differential expression results.  \nResults Although panomics revealed low RNA and protein expression of CA1, CLCA1, MATN2, AHCYL2, and FCGBPin malignant tissues compared to healthy colon mucosa, no differentially expressed RNA or protein targets were detected between tumour and metastatic tissues. Subsequent intra-patient comparisons revealed highly specific expression differences (e. g., SRSF3, OLFM4, and CEACAM5) associated with patient-specific transcriptomes and proteomes.  \nConclusion Our research results highlight the importance of inter-and intra-tumour heterogeneity as well as individual, patient-paired evaluations for clinical studies. In addition to changes among groups reflecting CRC progression, we identified significant expression differences between normal colon mucosa, primary tumour, and liver metastasis samples from individuals, which might accelerate implementation of precision oncology in the future.  \nKeywords Colorectal cancer, Metastasis, Panomics, Tumour heterogeneity, Patient individuality, Biomarkers  \n†Friederike Praus and Axel Künstner contributed equally to this work  \n*Correspondence:  \nTimo Gemoll  \n[Timo.Gemoll@uni-luebeck.de](Timo.Gemoll@uni-luebeck.de)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ()[. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication","cbCaiuna11Rf5zvP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiuna11Rf5zvP","pdf",1440581,15,"English","# Abstract\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What was the main goal of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses to identify significant expression differences during colorectal cancer progression using paired patient samples while considering tumor heterogeneity.\"},{\"question\":\"Which tissue types were compared in the patient-matched design?\",\"answer\":\"Matched healthy colon mucosa, colorectal carcinoma, and liver metastasis were analyzed from the same patients under strict cryogenic conditions.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the study find when comparing tumor and metastatic tissues?\",\"answer\":\"No differentially expressed RNA or protein targets were detected between tumor and metastatic tissues, even though panomics identified lower expression of several markers in malignant tissues versus healthy mucosa.\"}]","Panomics reveals patient individuality as the major driver of colorectal cancer progression | PDF",1790263066,38]