[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-112647-en":3,"doc-seo-112647-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},112647,13056703019404,"Miles","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Panama - Systematic Country Diagnostic - Executive Summary","Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) Update for Panama reviews the country’s growth and poverty dynamics and explains how to sustain convergence. It analyzes key development challenges affecting productivity, human capital, employment and innovation, and infrastructure and connectivity. The update addresses social exclusion and inequality, environmental sustainability and climate-change vulnerability, and disaster risk. It sets policy priorities to build human capital, strengthen innovation and jobs, improve inclusion, enhance resilience, and reinforce public sector institutions.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nPANAMA  \nSYSTEMATIC COUNTRY DIAGNOSTIC  \nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \nContents  \nAbbreviations and Acronyms 2  \nAcknowledgments 4  \n1. Executive Summary 5  \n1.1. Drivers of Growth and Poverty Reduction 5  \n1.2. Panama’s Slowing Convergence 8  \n1.3. The SCD Update Framework 11  \n2. Growth and Poverty Context 13  \n3. Development Challenges to Promote Sustainable, Inclusive, and Resilient Convergence 17  \n3.1. Productivity 17  \n3.1.1. Human Capital 17  \n3.1.2. Employment, Entrepreneurship, and Innovation 22  \n3.1.3. Infrastructure and Connectivity 27  \n3.1.4. Key Institutions to Improve Productivity 28  \n3.2. Social Exclusion and Inequality 30  \n3.2.1. Vertical and Horizontal Inequalities 30  \n3.2.2. Key Institutions to Improve Inclusion 33  \n3.3. Environmental Sustainability and Vulnerability to Climate Change 35  \n3.3.1. Water Resources 35  \n3.3.2. Vulnerability to Natural Disasters and Environmental Sustainability 36  \n3.3.3. Key Institutions to Improve Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change 37  \n4. Policy Priorities and High-Level Outcomes 39  \n4.1. Build Human Capital 39  \n4.2. Increase the Innovation and Entrepreneurial Capacity of Firms and the  \nQuality of Jobs 41  \n4.3. Ensure the Inclusion of Indigenous Communities, Rural Populations, and Women 43  \n4.4. Promote Environmental Sustainability and Strengthen Resilience  \nto Natural Disasters 44  \n4.5. Cross-Cutting: Strengthen Public Sector Institutions 46  \n4.6. High-Level Outcomes 48  \nReferences 50  \nAppendix I -Figures 56  \nAppendix II-Tables 80  \nAppendix III-Boxes 106  \nEndnotes 115  \nAbbreviations and Acronyms  \n\n| AAC | Civil Aviation Authority, Autoridad Aeronáutica Civil |\n| --- | --- |\n| AD | Afro-descendant |\n| CEDLAS | Center of Distributive, Labor and Social Studies, Centro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociales |\n| CICYT | Inter-ministerial Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación |\n| CONAGUA | National Water Council, Consejo Nacional del Agua |\n| CSS | Social Security Fund, Caja de Seguro Social |\n| DRM | Disaster risk management |\n| ERCE | Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study,\u003Cbr>Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo |\n| FATF | Financial Action Task Force |\n| FDI | Foreign direct investment |\n| FTZ | Free trade zone |\n| GCO | General Comptroller’s Office |\n| GEI | Global Entrepreneurship Index |\n| GHG | Greenhouse gas |\n| HCI | Human Capital Index |\n| ICT | Information and communications technology |\n| IDAAN | National Water and Sanitation Utility,\u003Cbr>Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Nacionales |\n| IFC | International Finance Corporation |\n| INEC | National Institute of Statistics and Census,\u003Cbr>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo |\n| LAC | Latin America and the Caribbean |\n| MiAmbiente | Ministry of Environment, Ministerio de Ambiente |\n| MINGOB | Ministry of Government, Ministerio de Gobierno |\n\nEXECUTIVE SUMMARY  \n\n| MPO | Macro-Poverty Outlook |\n| --- | --- |\n| MSMEs | Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises |\n| PASE-U | Social Assistance Program for Universal Education, Programa de Asistencia Social Educativa Universal |\n| PDIPIP | Integral Development Plan of Indigenous Peoples,\u003Cbr>Plan de Desarrollo Integral de Pueblos Indígenas de Panamá |\n| PISA | Program for International Student Assessment |\n| PPPs | Public-private partnerships |\n| PS | Panama Solidarity, Panama Solidario |\n| R&D | Research and development |\n| SCD | Systematic Country Diagnostic |\n| SEDLAC | Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean |\n| SENACYT | Science, Technology, and Innovation National Secretariat, Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación |\n| SINAP | National Protected Areas System |\n| SINAPROC | National Civil Protection System,\u003Cbr>Sistema Nacional de Proteccion Civil |\n| TFP | Total factor productivity |\n| WDI | Wo","cbCailGIJBsTl9zv","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailGIJBsTl9zv","pdf",7304923,1,136,"English","en",105,"# Executive Summary\n## Drivers of Growth and Poverty Reduction\n## Panama’s Slowing Convergence\n## The SCD Update Framework\n# Growth and Poverty Context\n# Development Challenges to Promote Sustainable, Inclusive, and Resilient Convergence\n## Productivity\n## Social Exclusion and Inequality\n## Environmental Sustainability and Vulnerability to Climate Change\n# Policy Priorities and High-Level Outcomes\n## Build Human Capital\n## Increase Innovation and Entrepreneurial Capacity and Job Quality\n## Ensure Inclusion of Indigenous Communities, Rural Populations, and Women\n## Promote Environmental Sustainability and Strengthen Resilience to Natural Disasters\n## Cross-Cutting: Strengthen Public Sector Institutions\n## High-Level Outcomes","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the Panama Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) Update?\",\"answer\":\"It evaluates Panama’s growth, poverty, and development challenges and defines policy priorities to support sustainable, inclusive, and resilient convergence.\"},{\"question\":\"Which main areas affect productivity in Panama according to the SCD update?\",\"answer\":\"The report focuses on human capital, employment and entrepreneurship and innovation, infrastructure and connectivity, and the institutions needed to improve productivity.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the SCD update address inclusion and climate resilience?\",\"answer\":\"It examines vertical and horizontal inequalities and identifies institutions to improve inclusion, while also covering water resources, disaster vulnerability, and the institutional foundations for environmental sustainability and climate 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