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It links Sp1 expression with immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and immune checkpoint signaling, and validates findings in gastric cancer using single-cell data plus immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence. In immunotherapy-treated patients, higher Sp1 associates with improved responses and supports prognostic and predictive biomarker value.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pan-cancer-analysis-of-sp1-with-a-focus-on-immunomodulatory-roles-in-gastric-cancer/332613/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pan-cancer-analysis-of-sp1-with-a-focus-on-immunomodulatory-roles-in-gastric-cancer/332613.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Rowan","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-26","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",6,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main focus of the study on Sp1 in gastric cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The study investigates pan-cancer expression patterns of Sp1 and emphasizes how Sp1 may modulate immune-related processes in gastric cancer, including links to immunotherapy response.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was Sp1 expression analyzed and validated?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Sp1 was assessed using bioinformatics tools and public datasets across tissues, tumors, and immune cells, including genetic, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation changes. Single-cell transcriptome data were used for immune-cell analysis in gastric cancer, and results were corroborated with immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What clinical significance does Sp1 have for immunotherapy-treated gastric cancer patients?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Higher Sp1 levels were associated with improved immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients, and Sp1 was identified as a prognostic and predictive biomarker using Cox regression models.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},332613,1790175605,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},1099514067415,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002539d78ffe74a7?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1779092875211072502","Zhou et al. Cancer Cell International (2024) 24:338 Cancer Cell International  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03521-z](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-024-03521-z)  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nPan-cancer analysis of Sp1 with a focus on immunomodulatory roles in gastric cancer  \nYang Zhou 1†, Zhenzhen Luo2†, Jinfeng Guo2†, Lixia Wu3†, Xiaoli Zhou 1, Jun Jie Huang4, Daijia Huang2, Li Xiao2, Qiuhua Duan 1, Jianhua Chang2*, Libao Gong5* and Junjie Hang2*  \nAbstract  \nBackground Sp1, a transcription factor, regulates essential cellular processes and plays important tumorigenic roles across diverse cancers. However, comprehensive pan-cancer analyses of its expression and potential immunomodulatory roles remain unexplored.  \nMethods Utilizing bioinformatics tools and public datasets, we examined the expression of Sp1 across normal tissues, tumors, and immune cells, and screened for pre-and post-transcriptional modifications, including genetic alterations, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation, affecting its expression or function. The association of Sp1 expression with immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, and immune checkpoint signaling was also investigated. Single-cell transcriptome data was used to assess Sp1 expression in immune cells in gastric cancer (GC), and findings were corroborated using immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence in an immunotherapy-treated patient cohort. The prognostic value of Sp1 in GC patients receiving immunotherapy was evaluated with Cox regression models.  \nResults Elevated Sp1 levels were observed in various cancers compared to normal tissues, with notable prominence in GC. High Sp1 expression correlated with advanced stage, poor prognosis, elevated tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status, particularly in GC. Significant correlations between Sp1 levels and CD8+ T cell and the M1 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages were further detected upon multiplex immunofluorescence in GC samples. Interestingly, we verified that GC patients with higher Sp1 levels exhibited improved response to immunotherapy. Moreover, Sp1 emerged as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for GC patients undergoing immunotherapy.  \nConclusions Our pan-cancer analysis sheds light on the multifaceted role of Sp1 in tumorigenesis and underscores its potential as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for patients with GC undergoing immunotherapy.  \n†Yang Zhou, Zhenzhen Luo, Jinfeng Guo and Lixia Wu contributed equally to this work.  \n*Correspondence: Jianhua Chang [changjianhua@163.com](changjianhua@163.com)[ ](changjianhua@163.com)Libao Gong [libao_g@163.com](libao_g@163.com)[ ](libao_g@163.com)Junjie Hang  \n[hjj199141@alumni.sjtu.edu.cn](hjj199141@alumni.sjtu.edu.cn)  \nFull list of author information is available at the end of the article  \n© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/l](creativecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.  \nZhou et al. Cancer Cell International (2024) ","cbCaikyuL0XQoVFP","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikyuL0XQoVFP","pdf",6911476,17,"English","# Background\n# Methods\n# Results\n# Conclusions\n# Gastric cancer and the need for predictive biomarkers","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of the study on Sp1 in gastric cancer?\",\"answer\":\"The study investigates pan-cancer expression patterns of Sp1 and emphasizes how Sp1 may modulate immune-related processes in gastric cancer, including links to immunotherapy response.\"},{\"question\":\"How was Sp1 expression analyzed and validated?\",\"answer\":\"Sp1 was assessed using bioinformatics tools and public datasets across tissues, tumors, and immune cells, including genetic, DNA methylation, and protein phosphorylation changes. Single-cell transcriptome data were used for immune-cell analysis in gastric cancer, and results were corroborated with immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence.\"},{\"question\":\"What clinical significance does Sp1 have for immunotherapy-treated gastric cancer patients?\",\"answer\":\"Higher Sp1 levels were associated with improved immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients, and Sp1 was identified as a prognostic and predictive biomarker using Cox regression models.\"}]","Pan-cancer analysis of Sp1 with a focus on immunomodulatory roles in gastric cancer | PDF",1789998916,43]