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IRF1 expression and prognostic value were compared across normal and tumour samples using multiple databases, followed by in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results show strong links between IRF1, prognosis, tumour microenvironment features, immune cell infiltration, immune-related and checkpoint genes, and altered proliferation, invasion, and migration.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pan-cancer-analysis-of-irf1-focusing-on-prognostic-and-immunological-roles-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/331582/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pan-cancer-analysis-of-irf1-focusing-on-prognostic-and-immunological-roles-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer/331582.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Evangeline","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main aim of the study on IRF1?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To analyze the role of IRF1 as a pan-cancer prognostic indicator by assessing expression patterns and their associations with clinical and immunological features, especially in non-small cell lung cancer.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were IRF1 expression and prognostic significance investigated?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"IRF1 expression was compared in normal and tumour samples using multiple databases, and the findings were supported with in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NSCLC.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What relationships did the study report between IRF1 and tumour biology?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"IRF1 expression correlated with prognosis, tumour microenvironment characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related and immune checkpoint genes, and functional measures related to cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while IHC showed IRF1 downregulation in NSCLC tissues.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331582,1789997770,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},13056703019662,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/be000253a8e92610077?_k=1778726343310543188","Heliyon 10 (2024) e39861  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nHeliyon  \njournal [homepage:](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)[ www.cell.com/heliyon](homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon)  \n| Research article\u003Cbr>Pan-cancer analysis of IRF1 focusing on prognostic and immunological roles in non-small cell lung cancer\u003Cbr>Weiling Sun a,b,1, Kui Cao c,1, Siran Wangd,1, Mengdi Luc, Jianqun Mac,**, Chunlong Wu b,***, Yanbin Zhao a,*\u003Cbr>a Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China b Department of Endoscope, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China c Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China\u003Cbr>d Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510182, Guangzhou, China |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| A R T I C L E I N F O |  | A B S T R A C T |\n| Keywords: Pan-cancer IRF1\u003Cbr>NSCLC Prognosis\u003Cbr>Tumour microenvironment Immune-related genes |  | Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) significantly affects tumour occurrence and development. This study aimed to analyse its function as a pan-cancer prognostic indicator. We compared IRF1 expression and prognostic significance in normal and tumour samples from different databases. Accordingly, we performed in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to investigate the role of IRF1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our findings indicate that IRF1 expression is significantly correlated with prognosis, the tumour microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that IRF1 had high accuracy in distinguishing cancerous tissues from normal ones. Notably, IRF1 expression was linked to immune-related and immune checkpoint genes. Cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were significantly related to IRF1 expression. IHC indicated that IRF1 was downregulated in NSCLC tissues. Our study provides comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental verification of IRF1, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker in cancer. |\n\n1. Introduction  \nInterferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), part of the interferon regulatory factor family, is recognized as a nuclear transcription factor that plays critical roles in the regulation of interferon expression [1], as well as in both innate and adaptive immunity [2], and has an anti-oncogenic latent role in some malignant diseases [3], including leukaemia [4], gastric cancer (GC) [5], and other carcinomas. Several studies suggested that IRF1 mediates apoptosis [6] and autophagy [7] in breast cancer cells. IRF1 can reverse multiple drug resistance by decreasing P-glycoprotein expression [8] and inhibiting its effect on chemotherapy resistance in GC. IRF1 could mediate IFN-γ-induced apoptosis via regulation of caspase-1 or caspase-8 expression to sensitise cells to apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell lines.  \n* Corresponding author. Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.  \n** Corresponding author.  \n*** Corresponding author.  \nE-mail addresses: [jianqunma@hrbmu.edu.cn](jianqunma@hrbmu.edu.cn) (J. Ma), [wuchunlong1968@aliyun.com](wuchunlong1968@aliyun.com) (C. Wu), [zhaoyanbin1978@sina.com](zhaoyanbin1978@sina.com) (Y. Zhao).  \n1 These authors contributed equally to this work.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39861](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39861)  \nReceived 25 May 2023; Received in revised form 17 October 2024; Accepted 25 October 2024 Available online 7 November 2024  \n2405-8440/© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license  \n([http://creativecom","cbCaiix0xAEL00ok","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiix0xAEL00ok","pdf",23048196,"English","# Introduction\n# Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and immune roles\n# Tumour microenvironment and immune checkpoint context\n# Study aim and database-based evaluation","[{\"question\":\"What was the main aim of the study on IRF1?\",\"answer\":\"To analyze the role of IRF1 as a pan-cancer prognostic indicator by assessing expression patterns and their associations with clinical and immunological features, especially in non-small cell lung cancer.\"},{\"question\":\"How were IRF1 expression and prognostic significance investigated?\",\"answer\":\"IRF1 expression was compared in normal and tumour samples using multiple databases, and the findings were supported with in vitro experiments and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NSCLC.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationships did the study report between IRF1 and tumour biology?\",\"answer\":\"IRF1 expression correlated with prognosis, tumour microenvironment characteristics, immune cell infiltration, immune-related and immune checkpoint genes, and functional measures related to cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while IHC showed IRF1 downregulation in NSCLC tissues.\"}]","Pan-cancer analysis of IRF1 focusing on prognostic and immunological roles in non-small cell lung cancer | PDF",1789994181,48]