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The work extends an existing competency-based survey by adapting knowledge and self-efficacy instruments for anesthesiology training, using expert consensus and institutional IRB 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\nOriginal Research  \nPalliative Care Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Among Anesthesiology Residents: A Multi-Institutional Cross-Sectional Study  \nPaul E. Zimmerman, MD Haley M. Stone, MD Fei Chen, PhD  \nXinming An, MS, PhD Courtney Hood, MD Kristen Fardelmann, MD  \nDaniel J. Rosenkrans, MD Susie M. Martinelli, MD Benjamin G. Cobb, MD  \nIntroduction  \nThe population of the United States is rapidly aging. By 2050, there will be a projected 88.5 million people aged 65 and older compared with 40.2 million in 2010.1 As the population ages, more patients will require perioperative care, critical care, complex pain management, and end-of-life care. As of 2014, there were not enough specialty-trained hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) physicians to meet the palliative care (PC) needs of the population, and this shortfall will likely grow in coming years.2 To meet the growing PC needs of an aging and increasingly complex patient population, more medical fields will need to be trained in and practice primary PC skills.3  \nPC can be defined as care that provides relief from pain and other symptoms, that supports quality of life, and that is focused on patients with serious advanced illness and their families.4 Through their work in complex pain management, perioperative medicine, critical care, and end-of-life care, anesthesiologists are uniquely positioned to provide primary PC skills for the benefit of their patients. Leaders in anesthesiology graduate medical education have taken notice of the need for primary PC training. PC principles are now a part of the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) board examination content outline,5 the ABA Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) content  \noutline,6 and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Anesthesiology Residency Milestonesand Residency Program Requirements.7,8 Additionally, opportunities for continued HPM education beyond residency training exist as the ABA offers a path to HPM board certification,9 and anesthesiology residents are eligible for HPM fellowship training.10 Whereas ABA, OSCE, and ACGME guidelines now incorporate PC principles, to our knowledge, no study has yet assessed anesthesiology resident PC knowledge nor residents’ perceived selfefficacy in PC competencies.  \nThe main objective of our study was to assess anesthesiology residents’ baseline PC knowledge and their perceived self-efficacy in PC competencies. We also aimed to compare resident PC knowledge and perceived self-efficacy across postgraduate years (PGY) to assess whether the results differ as residents progress through training. We hypothesized that residents’ PC knowledge and perceived self-efficacy would increase through their training. A correlation assessment between resident knowledge and perceived self-efficacy was also performed. Finally, we hope to use this data to inform further primary PC education knowledge assessment and potential training interventions for anesthesiology residents.  \nMaterials and Methods  \nSurvey Development and Content  \nOur study builds on the work of Moyer et al, who investigated internal medicine (IM) residents’ PC knowledge and perceived self-efficacy, which is defined as “task-specific self-confidence (p. 327),”using a competency-based survey.11 They utilized 5 consensus PC competencies that were developed for IM and family medicine residents in a 2012 national survey of PC educational experts: pain and symptom management (PSM); communication (COMM); psychosocial, spiritual, and cultural aspects of care (PSC); terminal care and bereavement (TCB); and PC principles and practice (PCPP).12 The Moyer et al survey comprised 2 parts: a knowledge test (KT) of multiple-choice questions developed with input from PC and medical education experts to assess PC competencies and a self-efficacy inventory (SEI) that directed residents to rate their perceived confidence level performing sp","cbCainI57SsnSIk6","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCainI57SsnSIk6","pdf",1065789,"English","# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n## Survey Development and Content","[{\"question\":\"What is the main objective of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To assess anesthesiology residents’ baseline palliative care knowledge and their perceived self-efficacy in palliative care competencies, and to compare results across postgraduate years.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study define palliative care (PC)?\",\"answer\":\"PC provides relief from pain and other symptoms, supports quality of life, and focuses on patients with serious advanced illness and their families.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the survey materials developed for anesthesiology residents?\",\"answer\":\"The study adapted a competency-based instrument originally used for internal medicine residents, mapping competencies to anesthesiology training and refining knowledge and self-efficacy items through an interdisciplinary expert panel, with changes agreed by consensus.\"}]","Palliative Care Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Among Anesthesiology Residents - A Multi-Institutional Cross-Sectional Study | PDF",1789932005,48]