[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108289-en":3,"doc-seo-108289-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108289,16904993612988,"Olivia Brown","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd",8,"Research & Report","Pakistan’s Human Capital: Opportunities amid Crises - Policy Note 1","Pakistan’s human capital remains low and has improved only marginally over the past three decades. Inequalities persist across income, gender, and rural-urban and provincial lines, with outcomes low even for the most economically advantaged groups relative to peer countries. The Human Capital Index (HCI) is 0.41 versus South Asia’s 0.48, while investment in education, health, and social protection is below global averages. COVID-19 disruptions and the 2022 floods further threaten human capital development, education access, health services, and long-term welfare.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nPAKISTAN  \nHUMAN CAPITAL REVIEW  \nPOLICY NOTE 1  \nPakistan’s  \nHuman Capital: Opportunities amid Crises  \n\\#humpakistan  \n© 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [internet: www.worldbank.org](internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://creativea](http://creativea)[commons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under](commons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under) the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, disetribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2023. Pakistan’s Human Capital: Opportunities amid Crises. Pakistan Human Capital Review Policy Note 1. Washington, DC: World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to reuse a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.  \nAll queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; email: [pubrights@worldbank.org](pubrights@worldbank.org).  \nPakistan’s human capital: Opportunities amid crises  \nSUMMARY  \nPakistan can realize major economic growth and development by investing in its people and their human capital. But the reality is that Pakistan’s human capital is low and has improved only marginally over the past three decades. Inequalities in human capital outcomes have persisted or widened over time between the rich and poor, men and women, and rural and urban areas and among the provinces. Human capital outcomes are low across the board, with even the most economically ","cbCaijA5D1J2pREB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijA5D1J2pREB","pdf",745352,4,1,16,"English","en",105,"# Summary\n## Current Human Capital Performance\n## Investment Gaps and Inequalities\n## Impacts of COVID-19 and 2022 Floods\n## Implications for Growth Targets","[{\"question\":\"What is the overall condition of Pakistan’s human capital according to the policy note?\",\"answer\":\"Pakistan’s human capital is low and has improved only marginally over the past three decades, with low outcomes across most groups and regions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Pakistan’s Human Capital Index compare with other regions?\",\"answer\":\"Pakistan’s HCI is 0.41, below the South Asia average of 0.48 and comparable to Sub-Saharan Africa’s average of 0.40, with Bangladesh at 0.46 and Nepal at 0.49.\"},{\"question\":\"Which shocks have worsened human capital challenges in Pakistan?\",\"answer\":\"COVID-19 disrupted health services and education access, and the 2022 floods further limited health and education services, likely increasing malnutrition and learning poverty.\"}]",1784470140,40,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"pakistans-human-capital-opportunities-amid-crises-policy-note-1","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pakistans-human-capital-opportunities-amid-crises-policy-note-1/108289/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What is the overall condition of Pakistan’s human capital according to the policy note?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Pakistan’s human capital is low and has improved only marginally over the past three decades, with low outcomes across most groups and regions.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does Pakistan’s Human Capital Index compare with other regions?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Pakistan’s HCI is 0.41, below the South Asia average of 0.48 and comparable to Sub-Saharan Africa’s average of 0.40, with Bangladesh at 0.46 and Nepal at 0.49.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Which shocks have worsened human capital challenges in Pakistan?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"COVID-19 disrupted health services and education access, and the 2022 floods further limited health and education services, likely increasing malnutrition and learning 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