[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108198-en":3,"doc-seo-108198-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108198,549758146520,"Patrick","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80002397d8c0411e94?_k=1775819394049821470",8,"Research & Report","Pakistan Federal Public Expenditure Review - Chapter 1 - Reducing Pakistan’s Persistent Fiscal Deficits","The Chapter 1 of the 2023 Pakistan Federal Public Expenditure Review analyzes Pakistan’s persistent fiscal deficits and explains how they affect the economy. It reviews recent macroeconomic developments, Pakistan’s development experience since 2000, and the role of rigid expenditures alongside weak revenue collection. It also examines intergovernmental constraints, fragmented institutions, and non-budgetary shocks. The chapter outlines the report’s objective, structure, and the focus on policy recommendations and federal fiscal savings.","f  \nPublic Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \nPAKISTAN FEDERAL PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW  \nChapter 1: Reducing Pakistan’s Persistent  \nFiscal Deficits  \n2023  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nPreface ................................................................................................................ i  \nAbbreviations .................................................................................................... iii  \nChapter 1: Pakistan’s Persistent Fiscal Deficits .................................................... 1  \n1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1  \n1.2 Recent macroeconomic developments and outlook ....................................................... 1  \n1.3 Pakistan’s development experience since 2000 .............................................................. 3  \n1.4 Persistent budget deficits and their effects on the Pakistan economy ............................ 4  \n1.5 Drivers of Persistent Fiscal Deficits ............................................................................... 10  \n1.5.1 Rigid expenditures and low revenue collections ....................................................................... 10  \n1.5.2 A challenging intergovernmental framework ............................................................................ 13  \n1.5.3 Fragmented Institutions............................................................................................................. 15  \n1.5.4 Non-budgetary shocks ............................................................................................................... 17  \n1.6 Objective and Structure of the Report .......................................................................... 19  \n1.6.1 Chapters of the PER ............................................................................................................ 20  \n1.6.2 Policy recommendations and federal fiscal savings ........................................................... 22  \nAnnex ............................................................................................................... 25  \nReferences ........................................................................................................ 28  \nList of Figures, Tables and Boxes  \nFIGURES  \nFigure 1.1: Human Development Index (HDI) trend for South Asian countries, 1990-2021 .........................................3  \nFigure 1.2: Pakistan: Government Budget Balances ......................................................................................................4  \nFigure 1.3: South Asia: General Government Budget Balances.....................................................................................4  \nFigure 1.4: Contributions to Real GDP Growth .............................................................................................................. 6  \nFigure 1.5: Pakistan’s Twin Deficits ............................................................................................................................... 6  \nFigure 1.6: Pakistan: Public and Publicly Guaranteed Debt........................................................................................... 7  \nFigure 1.7: South Asia: Public and Publicly Guaranteed Debt .......................................................................................7  \nFigure 1.8: Fiscal deficit and debt – peer comparison for FY19 .....................................................................................7  \nFigure 1.9: Government Borrowing from Banks, FY11–21 ............................................................................................ 7  \nFigure 1.10: Credit to the Private Sector ....................................................................................................................... 8  \nFigure 1.11: Private investment, selected ","cbCailNbm9BNSnfN","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailNbm9BNSnfN","pdf",1967820,6,1,36,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Abbreviations\n# Chapter 1: Pakistan’s Persistent Fiscal Deficits\n## Introduction\n## Recent macroeconomic developments and outlook\n## Pakistan’s development experience since 2000\n## Persistent budget deficits and their effects on the Pakistan economy\n## Drivers of Persistent Fiscal Deficits\n## Objective and Structure of the Report\n# Annex\n# References","[{\"question\":\"What is the main focus of Chapter 1 in the 2023 Pakistan Federal Public Expenditure Review?\",\"answer\":\"Chapter 1 focuses on Pakistan’s persistent fiscal deficits, including their effects on the 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