[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-426730-105":59,"doc-detail-426730-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","pain-competency-evaluation-in-dementia-paced-scale-validity-and-reliability","PAIN COMPETENCY EVALUATION IN DEMENTIA (PACED) SCALE - VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY","","Study examines validity and reliability of the Pain Competency Evaluation in Dementia (PACED) observational scale for nurses’ dementia pain management. PACED was developed from literature, protocols, and guidelines, comprising 24 items across 5 categories scored 0 (not performed) to 3 (accurate). Content validity used Delphi with pain/dementia experts and item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) emphasizing relevance and clarity. Virtual nursing home case scenarios were rated by trained observers to assess inter-rater and intra-rater reliability using ICC, yielding excellent consistency and supporting further internal consistency evaluation.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/pain-competency-evaluation-in-dementia-paced-scale-validity-and-reliability/426730/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/pain-competency-evaluation-in-dementia-paced-scale-validity-and-reliability/426730.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What does the PACED scale evaluate in nurses?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"PACED evaluates nurses’ pain management competency for people with dementia. It covers five categories including history taking, documentation, pain assessment, physical/functional assessment, and pain treatment.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How was content validity established for PACED?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Content validity was established using pain and/or dementia experts through a Delphi survey approach. Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) were calculated for relevance and clarity.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How was reliability assessed for the PACED scale?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Reliability was assessed using two trained raters who observed and rated nurses in two virtual case scenarios. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were quantified using ICC, showing excellent consistency.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},426730,1790762953,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":8,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":81},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2 393  \ndevelopment and establishment of validity and reliability of the Pain Competency Evaluation in Dementia (PACED) scale. PACED is an observational scale developed from a review of relevant literature, protocols, and guidelines. It includes 24 items in 5 categories. Each item is rated from 0=not performed to 3=accurate. Total score is calculated as History Takingx15%+Documentationx15% +Pain Assessmentx30% +Physical and Functional Assessmentx20% +Pain Treatmentx20% . Content validity was established with pain and/or dementia experts using the Delphi survey approach. We calculated Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI; range = 0-1, higher is better) focused on relevance and clarity. Undergraduate nursing students and Registered Nurses completed two virtual case scenarios in nursing home (NH) setting. Two raters were trained to observe and rate nurses’ pain management competency using the PACED scale to establish inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Seven pain and dementia experts completed two rounds of Delphi Survey, and PACED was reduced to 16 items with relevance I-CVI=1 .0 and clarity I-CVI=0.99 . The raters were trained until interclass correlation (ICC)>0 .7 at least 3 times. The raters demonstrated excellent inter-rater (ICC=0 .971) and intra-rater (ICC=0 .958) reliability for PACED. Next, the internal consistency of PACED will be examined. PACED will be used to evaluate nursing home nurses’ pain management competency in dementia.  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.1336  \nPAIN COMPETENCY EVALUATION IN DEMENTIA  \n(PACED) SCALE – VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY  \nYo-Jen Liao1, Ying-Ling Jao1, Marie Boltz1, Nai-Ching Chi2, Diane Berish1, and Terrence Murphy1, 1. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States, 2. University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States  \nPeople with dementia experience undermanaged pain and often rely on nurses for pain management. Therefore, it is essential to understand nurses’ pain management competency in dementia. Existing pain competency scales are mostly subjective and lack focus on people with dementia. This study describes the","cbCaiajsRN4UyCOD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiajsRN4UyCOD","pdf",387642,"English","# Development of PACED Scale\n## Item structure and scoring\n# Content validity using Delphi\n## I-CVI for relevance and clarity\n# Reliability testing with trained raters\n## Inter-rater and intra-rater ICC\n# Planned next step and intended use\n## Internal consistency and nursing home application","[{\"question\":\"What does the PACED scale evaluate in nurses?\",\"answer\":\"PACED evaluates nurses’ pain management competency for people with dementia. It covers five categories including history taking, documentation, pain assessment, physical/functional assessment, and pain treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"How was content validity established for PACED?\",\"answer\":\"Content validity was established using pain and/or dementia experts through a Delphi survey approach. Item-level content validity indices (I-CVI) were calculated for relevance and clarity.\"},{\"question\":\"How was reliability assessed for the PACED scale?\",\"answer\":\"Reliability was assessed using two trained raters who observed and rated nurses in two virtual case scenarios. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were quantified using ICC, showing excellent consistency.\"}]","PAIN COMPETENCY EVALUATION IN DEMENTIA (PACED) SCALE - VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY | PDF",1790641618]