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The P-51 was the first aircraft of the war to be built entirely on the basis of combat experience. The Mustang was designed in 1940 by North American Aviation (NAA) in response to a requirement of the British Purchasing Commission. The Purchasing Commission approached North American Aviation to build Curtiss P-40 fighters under license for the Royal Air Force (RAF) . Rather than build an old design from another company, North American Aviation proposed the design and production of a more modern fighter. The P-51 Mustang was a solution to the need for an effective bomber escort. It used a common, reliable engine and had internal space for a huge fuel load. With external fuel tanks, it could accompany the bombers from England to Germany and back.  \nThe Mustang, which was designed by a team led by lead engineer Edgar Schmued, followed the best conventional practice of the era, but included several new features. One was a wing designed using laminar flow airfoils which were developed co-operatively by North American Aviation and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) . These airfoils generated very low drag at high speeds. During the development of the NA-73X, a wind tunnel test of two wings, one using NACA 5-digit airfoils and the other using the new NAA/NACA 45–100 airfoils, was performed in the University of Washington Kirsten Wind Tunnel. The results of this test showed the superiority of the wing designed with the NAA/NACA 45–100 airfoils.  \nEdgar O. Schmued  \n(1899-1985)  \n3  \nThe Mustang was originally designed to use the Allison V-1710 engine, which, in its earlier variants, had limited high-altitude performance. The first operational Mustangs were delivered to the Royal Air Force (RAF) in October of 1941 as Mustang Mark-I's. These aircraft saw their initial action in the summer of 1942. Armed with two .50 caliber and four .30 caliber machine guns and limited in high altitude performance, they were used primarily for reconnaissance and 'rhubarb' missions – for zooming in at low altitudes and strafing trains, troops, and enemy installations. The addition of the Rolls-Royce Merlin to the P-51B/C model transformed the Mustang's performance at altitudes above 15,000 ft, allowing the aircraft to compete with Luftwaffe's fighters.  \nThe definitive version, the P-51D, was powered by the Packard V-1650-7, a license-built version of the Rolls-Royce Merlin 66 two-stage two-speed supercharged engine, and was armed with six .50 caliber (12 .7 mm) M2 Browning machine guns. The Packard engine delivers approximately 1490 horsepower at sea level. It has a critical altitude of approximately 14,000 feet in low blower supercharger mode and a critical altitude of approximately 27,000 feet in high blower mode. The maximum altitude is approximately 40,000 feet. The supercharger ratios are approximately 6 to 1 in low blower mode and 8 to 1 in high blower mode.  \nThe P-51D version of the Mustang retained all of the great features of its predecessor, with important added improvements. Chief among these are the increased visibility for the pilot in a new \"bubble\"canopy, more convenient cockpit arrangement, and heavier firepower. The 'D' also featured a new dorsal fin to improve directional stability problems encountered","cbCaieTeTyeMoY5a","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieTeTyeMoY5a","pdf",34511916,150,"English","# PART 1 - INTRODUCTION\n# PART 2 - CONTROLS SETUP\n# PART 3 - COCKPIT & EQUIPMENT\n# PART 4 - START-UP PROCEDURE\n# PART 5 - TAKEOFF\n# PART 6 - LANDING\n# PART 7 - ENGINE & FUEL MANAGEMENT\n# PART 8 - AIRCRAFT LIMITATIONS\n# PART 9 - WEAPONS\n# PART 10 - RADIO\n# PART 11 - NAVIGATION\n# PART 12 - AIRCRAFT VARIANTS\n# PART 13 - TACTICS & AIR COMBAT\n# PART 14 - TAMING TAILDRAGGERS","[{\"question\":\"What major design features does the guide highlight for the P-51D?\",\"answer\":\"It emphasizes increased pilot visibility via a new bubble canopy, improved cockpit arrangement, heavier firepower, and a new dorsal fin for directional stability. It also covers semi-monocoque all-metal fuselage, laminar-flow wing airfoil for low drag, flush-riveting, and internal fuel tank capacity.\"}]","P-51D MUSTANG - Table of Contents - Guide | PDF",378]