[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-108833-en":3,"doc-seo-108833-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":92},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},108833,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Overview of digital development in the Horn of Africa - Digital Development","Overview of digital development in the Horn of Africa outlines how digital transformation can drive jobs and economic transformation across the region. It links the World Bank Group’s Jobs and Economic Transformation approach with Africa’s Digital Economy for Africa and the African Union’s Digital Transformation Strategy. The background paper focuses on building compatible digital infrastructure, enabling regulations, skills, and platforms, and expanding connectivity to strengthen regional digital markets. It also addresses urgent context related to Covid-19 impacts and unemployment.","Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized  \n© 2021 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK  \n1818 H Street NW  \nWashington, DC 20433  \nUSA  \nAll rights reserved  \nPhotos: Shutterstock and Unsplash.  \nHORN OF AFRICA REGIONAL ECONOMIC MEMORANDUM BACKGROUND PAPER 6  \nOverview of digital development in the Horn of Africa  \n-Tim Kelly & Eric Dunand  \niv  \nCONTENTS  \n3 Digital Development ................................................................................................................... 1  \n3.1.1 Regulatory environment ................................................... 2  \n3.1.2 National Digital Infrastructure ................................... 3  \n3.1.3 Regional Digital Infrastructure .................................. 5  \n3.1.4 e-commerce and digital markets ......................... 7  \n3.1.5 Digital Financial Services .................................................. 9  \n3.1.6 Cybersecurity .................................................................................... 10  \nv  \nvi  \nSECTION 3 | DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT  \nSECTION 3  \nDigital Development  \nThis section follows the World Bank Group’s approach to Jobs and Economic Transformation (JET)1 which identifies economic transformation as key to creating more and better jobs. It buildson the Digital Economy for Africa (DE4A) approach to developing a digital economy to create the jobs of the future,2 which is aligned with the African Union’s Digital Transformation Strategy, 2020-2030.3 Helping countries build new digital  \ninfrastructure, and to develop regulations, skills and platforms that are compatible with neighboring countries should enable them to develop a larger and more efficient digital market that can facilitate economic transformation by enabling technological leapfrogging, and the creation of new jobs in old and new sectors. New forms of market connectivity can bring opportunities for new services and regional economic development in the HoA.  \nFigure 1: Policies and Investments to Create Productive Jobs Vary by Stage of Economic Transformation  \n4. Digital economy, technology and innovation  \n\n| Commodities to simple |  | Simple to advanced |  | Advanced agriculture |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| manufacturing & services |  | agriculture, manufacturing & services |  | manufacturing & services to innovative activities |\n| • | Basic ICT connectivity | • | Advanced ICT services: Infrastructure, competitive markets (liberalized ICT services environment) |  |\n| • | Enabled ecommerce\u003Cbr>(digital id; eKYC etc. ) | • | Enabled digital markets: new business models, services and products, industry 4 .0, market regulation 2,0 and expand GovTech |  |\n| • Innovation: basic standards, technology adoption, agricultural productivity innovation policies |  |  |  | • Innovation: innovation ecosystem (R&D policy, industry-academia links) |\n\nSource: WB – IMF – JET September 18, 2019.  \nThis section is prepared in the context of Covid-19 pandemic that threatens decades of hard-won development gainsand is likely to have triggered the deepest global recession since the World War II. The economic crisis is generating massive unemployment, particularly affecting the poor and vulnerable, and highlights the importance of jobs and economic transformation. The HoA countries already faced the challenge of a population growth at a rate around 3% pre-  \nCovid-19, and now need to address the health issue and the social and economic impacts.  \nKenya was the first country to enter a Bankfacilitated procurement contract for urgent medical supplies and equipment to strengthen medical services and reduce the spread of the virus, as well as budget support to help close the fiscal financing gap while supporting reforms that help advance the government’s  \n1 [https://ida.worldbank.org/theme/jobs-and-economic-transformation](https://ida.worldbank.org/theme/jobs-and-economic-","cbCaieG2t6QNbKLA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieG2t6QNbKLA","pdf",7485779,5,1,20,"English","en",105,"# Digital Development\n## Regulatory environment\n## National Digital Infrastructure\n## Regional Digital Infrastructure\n## e-commerce and digital markets\n## Digital Financial Services\n## Cybersecurity","[{\"question\":\"How does digital development in the Horn of Africa connect to jobs and economic transformation?\",\"answer\":\"The section ties economic transformation to creating more and better jobs and uses digital economy initiatives to enable technological leapfrogging and new employment in both old and new sectors.\"},{\"question\":\"What makes an ICT regulatory framework important for digital economies in the region?\",\"answer\":\"An optimal ICT regulatory framework supports digital technologies through reliable infrastructure, affordable services, infrastructure sharing, network interconnection, quality-of-service indicators, and effective spectrum use.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the readiness of ICT regulation vary across Horn of Africa countries?\",\"answer\":\"The document states the level of development is heterogeneous, ranging from limited regulatory presence to advanced authorities, while newer authorities in some countries are still early in implementing policies.\"}]",1784474266,50,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":87,"head_meta":89,"extra_data":91,"updated_unix":28},"overview-of-digital-development-in-the-horn-of-africa-digital-development","",{"@graph":36,"@context":86},[37,54,69],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/overview-of-digital-development-in-the-horn-of-africa-digital-development/108833/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":63,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":64,"interactionStatistic":65},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-29","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":66,"interactionType":67,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":68},"ViewAction",{"@type":70,"mainEntity":71},"FAQPage",[72,78,82],{"name":73,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":75},"How does digital development in the Horn of Africa connect to jobs and economic transformation?","Question",{"text":76,"@type":77},"The section ties economic transformation to creating more and better jobs and uses digital economy initiatives to enable technological leapfrogging and new employment in both old and new sectors.","Answer",{"name":79,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":80},"What makes an ICT regulatory framework important for digital economies in the region?",{"text":81,"@type":77},"An optimal ICT regulatory framework supports digital technologies through reliable infrastructure, affordable services, infrastructure sharing, network interconnection, quality-of-service indicators, and effective spectrum use.",{"name":83,"@type":74,"acceptedAnswer":84},"How does the readiness of ICT regulation vary across Horn of Africa countries?",{"text":85,"@type":77},"The document states the level of development is heterogeneous, ranging from limited regulatory presence to advanced authorities, while newer authorities in some countries are still early in implementing policies.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":88,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":59,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":90,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":93},[94,98,102,106,110,114,119,122,126,129,133],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":95,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":97},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":99,"show_sort_weight":100,"slug":101},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":53,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":29,"slug":113},6,"Technology","technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":125},9,"Religion & Spirituality","religion-spirituality",{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":127,"show_sort_weight":22,"slug":128},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":130,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":131,"show_sort_weight":130,"slug":132},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":134,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":135,"show_sort_weight":20,"slug":136},19,"General","general"]