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LaboratoryOld Wokingham RoadCrowthorne,Berkshire,RG456AU  \nOverseas Road Note 9  \nA design manual for small bridges  \nDepartment for International Development94 Victoria StreetLondon,SW1E 5JH  \nORN 9  \nFirst Published 1992  \nSecond edition 2000  \nISSN 0951-8797  \nCopyright Transport Research Laboratory 2000.  \nThis document is an output from a project funded by the UKDepartment for International Development DFID for the benefitof developing countries.The views expressed are not necessarilythose of the DFID.  \nTRL is committed to optimising energy efficiency,reducingwaste and promoting recycling and re-use.In support of theseenvironmental goals,this report has been printed on recycledpaper,comprising 100%post-consumer waste,manufacturedusing a TCF(totally chlorine free)process.  \nThe Transport Research Laboratory and TRL are trading names ofTRL Limited,a member of the Transport Research Foundation Group of CompaniesTRL Limited.Registered in England,Number 3142272Registered Offices:Old Wokingham Road,Crowthorne,Berkshire,RG456AU.  \nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  \nThe first edition was compiled byJD Parry of the Overseas Unit at TRL(Head of Unit MrJS Yerrell)withassistance from the late Mr DM Brooks,DrTEJones and Mr N CHewitt.  \nIt is based on a draft commissioned from Rendel Palmer and Tritton,Consulting Engineers of London.Thenumerous other sources are listed in the references.Mr PK Thomas provided an earlier text;Mr HLewis assistedin the editing of the final version.Contributions were also made by Central Units and Bridges Division at TRL.  \nWe also acknowledge the generous help given by the following people who kindly reviewed the pre-publicationdraft and offered constructive comments and additions.  \nMr RC Petts,Intech Associates,UK  \nMr PWootton,Civil Planning Partnership,ZimbabweMr GA Taylor,Ministry of Public Works,KenyaMajor JF MacKenzie,REDr RJ Freer-Hewish,University of Birmingham.  \nThis manual is published by the Transport ResearchLaboratory as part of the programme of the Department forinternational Development(DFID).  \nThe second edition introduces a separate chapter on masonry as a bridge building material.This chapter is based ona draft by Mr A Beusch of Intech Associates,with further contributions from MrJD Parry,MrNC Hewitt and DrAF Daly of TRL.  \nOVERSEAS ROAD NOTES  \nOverseas Road Notes are prepared principally for road and transport authorities in countries receiving technicalassistance from the British Government.A limited number of copies is available to other organisations and toindividuals with an interest in roads overseas,and may be obtained from:  \nInternational DivisionTransport Research LaboratoryCrowthorne,Berkshire,RG456AUUnited Kingdom  \nLimited extracts from the text may be reproduced provided the source is acknowledged.For more extensivereproduction,please write to the address given above.  \nCONTENTS  \nPage  \n1.INTRODUCTION1  \n2.PLANNING  \n3  \n3.SITE INVESTIGATIONS13  \n4.RIVER HYDRAULICS23  \n5.HYDRAULIC DESIGN33  \n6.RIVER AND SCOUR PROTECTION43  \n7.LOW LEVEL WATER CROSSING55  \n8.SUBSTRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS65  \n9.CONCRETE SUPERSTRUCTURES115  \n10.STEEL/CONCRETE COMPOSITE SUPERSTRUCTURES137  \n11.TIMBER SUPERSTRUCTURES155  \n12.CULVERTS165  \n13.EMERGENCY AND TEMPORARY STRUCTURES193  \n14.BRIDGE BUILDING MATERIALS201  \n15.MASONRY215  \n16.DRAWINGS AND SPECIFICATIONS225INDEX229  \n# 1 Introduction            \n\nThis manual offers highway engineers a comprehensiveset of guidelines to assist and simplify the process ofdesigning small bridges and culverts.These structuresare an essential part of every road network.They are farmore common than large bridges and are simpler todesign and construct.For the purposes of the manual,'small bridges'are defined as single or multispanstructures with individual spans no more than 12m long,ie taking one span to bridge a","cbCail2AWuMEcjr0","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCail2AWuMEcjr0","pdf",16984663,238,"English","# 1. Introduction\n## Definitions of small bridges\n## Scope of the design process\n## Guidance for non-specialists\n## Standardized inputs and tables","[{\"question\":\"How does the manual define “small bridges”?\",\"answer\":\"Small bridges are defined as single- or multi-span structures where each individual span is no more than 12 m, covering both two-lane highways with shoulders and dual carriageways.\"},{\"question\":\"Which stages of bridge design does the manual cover?\",\"answer\":\"It covers the design process from planning and site investigations through materials analysis, hydraulic design and structural design, ending with preparation of drawings and detailed specifications.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the manual emphasize drawings and tables?\",\"answer\":\"Because non-specialist bridge builders often lack time and expertise to work out all design calculations from first principles, the manual provides as much guidance as possible in the form of drawings and tables for standardized conditions.\"}]","Overseas Road Notes 9 - A design manual for small bridges - Introduction | PDF",1792799218,600]