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From 150 National Study of School Evaluation (NSSE) 2004 Parent Opinion Inventory surveys, 116 responses were returned and analyzed with descriptive statistics. Findings show high agreement on most dimensions, with resource management ranking lowest. Results indicate continued improvement is needed to strengthen conditions for student achievement, supported by recommendations for additional funding and educational opportunities.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/our-children-our-schools-seeking-solutions-for-improving-the-climate-in-urban-public-schools/590533/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/our-children-our-schools-seeking-solutions-for-improving-the-climate-in-urban-public-schools/590533.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Stanley","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What dimensions were used to measure school climate in this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study assessed instructional program quality, support for learning, learning environment, parent–school relationships, and resource management.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many NSSE Parent Opinion Inventory surveys were returned?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Of 150 administered surveys, 116 were returned, representing 77.3%.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which school-climate dimension received the lowest level of agreement?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Resource management received the lowest level of agreement among the measured dimensions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},590533,1792651972,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},2336477405376,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Our Children, Our Schools: Seeking Solutions for Improving the  \nClimate in Urban Public  \nSchools  \nRonald A. Grace and Sonja Y. Harrington  \nAlabama State University  \nUsing a quantitative study the researchers examined perceptions regarding school climate of parents with children who attend urban schools, based on several dimensions: quality of the instructional program, support for learning, school climate/environment for learning, parent/school relationships, and resource management. Of the 150 administered surveys by the National Study of School Evaluation NSSE (2004) Parent Opinion Inventory, 116 or 77.3% were returned. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings. Results showed high levels of agreement with parents on most dimensions; however, the lowest level was resource management. In conclusion, although the dimensions regarding school climate were perceived as favorable, student achievement data and conditions that typically characterize urban schools indicate continuous improvements are needed. Recommendations for such improvements include providing additional funding and educational opportunities for children attending urban schools.  \nKeywords: school climate, urban schools, parental involvement, support for learning, resource management  \nIntroduction  \nSchool climate is among the most frequently mentioned concepts relevant to student achievement and has been identified an essential component in the successful implementation of school reform (Bulach & Malone, 1994; Dellar, 1998) . Research drawn from a white paper published in 2014 by the Center for Social and Emotional Education, the Education Commission of the States, and the National Center for Learning and Citizenship, indicates the most fundamental dimension of school climate relates to the connection between parents, students and their school. Consequently, the researchers designed this study to examine perceptions regarding school climate of parents with children who attend urban schools, based on the following dimensions: the quality of the instructional program (Herman, Osmundson, Dai, Ringstaff, & Timms, 2011; Popham, 2005; Varias, 2005), support for learning (Cohen, Cardillio, & Pickeral, 2011), school climate/environment for learning (Center for Social and Emotional Education (CSEE), 2010), parent/school relationships (Jeynes, 2005), and resource management (Miles & Darling-Hammond, 1997; 1998) . The aforementioned dimensions of school climate were derived from the National Study of School Evaluation’s (NSSE) (2004) Parent Opinion Inventory, which serves as the theoretical framework of this study.  \nSchool Climate / Environment for Learning  \nRelative to the school climate or environment for learning, it is necessary to establish the context or basis of this study as it relates to the terms “urban schools and urban school districts.” Although, research that defines, characterizes, and highlights differences between urban schools and their suburban counterparts is abundant and longstanding. For the purpose of this study, the terms refer to schools or school districts which serve city populations that exemplify concentrated levels of poverty, are set in high crime areas, and often have deficient school success among students at all grade levels. Moreover, Lippman, Burns, and McArthur (1996) suggest these factors are strongly linked to differences between urban and suburban schools. Beyond these general characterizations, there are differences in urban school settings. Urban school districts are stratified or frequently consist of several types of schools, such as private, magnet--considered to be elite public schools, and traditional public or neighborhood schools, which are further divided into categories such as failing or passing and low or high quality (Lipman, 1998) . Despite efforts by education policy makers to improve the educational performance of low-income students through mixed income strategies, the problems persist (Lipman, 2008","cbCaiurjzlltChGk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiurjzlltChGk","pdf",243286,14,"English","# Introduction\n## School Climate / Environment for Learning\n## Parent/School Relationships","[{\"question\":\"What dimensions were used to measure school climate in this study?\",\"answer\":\"The study assessed instructional program quality, support for learning, learning environment, parent–school relationships, and resource management.\"},{\"question\":\"How many NSSE Parent Opinion Inventory surveys were returned?\",\"answer\":\"Of 150 administered surveys, 116 were returned, representing 77.3%.\"},{\"question\":\"Which school-climate dimension received the lowest level of agreement?\",\"answer\":\"Resource management received the lowest level of agreement among the measured dimensions.\"}]","Our Children, Our Schools - Seeking Solutions for Improving the Climate in Urban Public Schools | PDF",1792069841,35]