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The study links bodily understanding with hygiene, hydrotherapy, sensory experience, and the interaction between religion and medical practice. It also analyzes medical benevolence, entitlement, and social order, showing how disability, gender, age, and foreign status influenced access. 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It addresses both medical practices and the institutions that organized care.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does the book approach medical practice and the body?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"It examines medical pluralism, prevention, and clinical therapeutics, then connects these themes to an “integrative body.” Topics include hygiene and hydrotherapy, the senses, and how religion and medicine intersect.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How does the book explain access to medical care and social order?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"It analyzes medical benevolence and the social mechanisms of entitlement in a Muslim context. 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The wood of the tree is burnt and the ashes rubbed on the painful tooth. The smoke from the wood is also effective. In the picture, one youth with a swollen face holds his head over the smoke of fire made of the Toothache Tree, while another youth stands nearby.“Wonders of Art and Nature,” manuscript held at the British Library, Harl. 5500, f.75v, reproduced by permission of the British Library.  \nPublished by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2009 State University of New York  \nAll rights reserved  \nPrinted in the United States of America  \nNo part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.  \nFor information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY [www.sunypress.edu](www.sunypress.edu)  \nProduction by Diane Ganeles  \nMarketing by Michael Campochiaro  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nShefer-Mossensohn, Miri, 1971–  \nOttoman medicine : healing and medical institutions, 1500–1700 / Miri Shefer-Mossensohn.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 978-1-4384-2529-0 (hardcover : alk. paper)  \n1. Medicine—Turkey—History. 2. Medical care—Turkey—History.  \nI. Title.  \nRA537 .M67 2009  \n610.9561—dc22 2008024275  \n10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1  \nTo I. with endless love and gratitude  \nThis page intentionally left blank.  \nContents  \nList of Illustrations ix  \nPreface xi  \nNote on Transliteration xv  \nIntroduction: The Marriage of Medicine and Society 1  \nThe (In)Visible Middle Eastern Ill in the Scholarship 3  \nThe Aims and Scope of the Book 11  \nChapter 1: Medical Pluralism, Prevention and Cure 21  \nOttoman Medical Etiologies 22  \nTherapeutics: The Clinical Reality 29  \n“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”:  \nMedical Dietary 30  \nGinger and Viper Flesh: The Ordinary and the Bizarre in Middle Eastern Pharmacology 34  \nSurgery? 45  \nChapter 2: “In health and in sickness”: The Integrative Body 63  \nThe Senses and the Sound of Music 69  \nHygiene and Hydrotherapy: The Power of Water 77  \nReligion and Medicine, Religion as Medicine:  \nA Placebo Effect? 86  \nWhat Is Health, Then? What Is Illness? 93  \nviii Contents  \nChapter 3: “Feed the hungry, visit the sick and set those who suffer free”: Medical Benevolence and Social Order 101  \nThe Imperative of Health and Medical Care in a Muslim Context: A Religious Duty and a Philanthropic Act 106  \nFormal Medical Aid and the Donors 110  \nThe Medically Disabled as Needy and Entitled 117  \nThe Non-Poor Foreigner as Entitled to Medical Help 121  \nReligious Affiliation and Entitlement 125  \nMale and Female in Medical Neediness 128  \nThe Age of Entitlement 132  \nIllness as a pre-condition for defining entitlement 134  \nAn Instrument for Social Control: The Other Side of Charity 137  \nChapter 4: Spaces of Disease, Disease in Space 145  \nOttoman Medical Institutions as Urban Institutions 147  \nOttoman Medical Institutions within the Urban Landscape 153  \nUrban Medical Institutions, Environment and Gardens 154  \nWalls as Barriers and as Connectors: Degrees of Isolation 166  \nThe Marriage of Etiology and Space 170  \nConclusion: Ottoman Medicine—Ottoman? Successful? 181  \nWhat Is Ottoman in Ottoman Medicine? 181  \nOttoman Turkish: From Vernacular to Literary  \nand Scientific Usage 185  \nHospitals as Ottoman Institution 187  \n“The sick are cured within three ","cbCaibpT5Ps4XfaZ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibpT5Ps4XfaZ","pdf",1188899,299,"English","# Contents\n## List of Illustrations\n## Preface\n## Note on Transliteration\n## Introduction: The Marriage of Medicine and Society\n## The (In)Visible Middle Eastern Ill in the Scholarship\n## The Aims and Scope of the Book\n## Chapter 1: Medical Pluralism, Prevention and Cure\n## Chapter 2: “In health and in sickness”: The Integrative Body\n## Chapter 3: “Feed the hungry, visit the sick and set those who suffer free”: Medical Benevolence and Social Order\n## Chapter 4: Spaces of Disease, Disease in Space\n## Conclusion: Ottoman Medicine—Ottoman? Successful?\n## Appendix: List of Hospitals Discussed in the Book\n## Notes\n## Bibliography\n## Index","[{\"question\":\"What time span and focus does the book cover?\",\"answer\":\"The book focuses on Ottoman medicine, specifically healing and medical institutions, covering the period 1500–1700. It addresses both medical practices and the institutions that organized care.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book approach medical practice and the body?\",\"answer\":\"It examines medical pluralism, prevention, and clinical therapeutics, then connects these themes to an “integrative body.” Topics include hygiene and hydrotherapy, the senses, and how religion and medicine intersect.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book explain access to medical care and social order?\",\"answer\":\"It analyzes medical benevolence and the social mechanisms of entitlement in a Muslim context. 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