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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.  \n1 ENT County Hospital Craiova, Discipline of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania  \n2 Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania  \n3 Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania  \n4 Department of Biophysics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania  \n5 Department of Neuroscience,“Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy,  \n020021 Bucharest, Romania; [raluca.teleanu@umfcd.ro](raluca.teleanu@umfcd.ro)  \n6 Department of Pediatric Neurology,“Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania  \n7 Department of ENT,“Dr. Victor Gomoiu” Children’s Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania  \n8 Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 022102 Bucharest, Romania  \n9 Research Methodology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania  \n10 Faculty of Medical and Behavioral Sciences, Constantin Brâncus, i University of Târgu Jiu,  \n210135 Târgu Jiu, Romania  \n11 Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; [virginia.radulescu@umfcv.ro](virginia.radulescu@umfcv.ro)  \n* Correspondence: [arsenie_cristian@yahoo.com](arsenie_cristian@yahoo.com) (C.A.); [renata.varut@umfcv.ro](renata.varut@umfcv.ro) (R.-M.V.)  \nAbstract  \nBackground/Objectives: Achondroplasia is linked to distinctive ear–nose–throat (ENT) morbidity, yet quantitative age-structured profiles and actionable correlates remain incompletely defined. This study mapped ENT phenotypes in a consecutive cohort and examined the achondroplasia subset for prevalence, co-occurrence, age dynamics, and parsimonious risk models. Methods: Retrospective observational analysis (1 February 2023–31 January 2025) . Narrative “ENT complications” were dictionary-mapped to five non-exclusive categories: otitis media, adenotonsillar/apnea—obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), audiologic/Eustachian-tube dysfunction (ETD), nasopharyngeal/upper-respiratory (URT), and extra-ENT. Proportions used Wilson 95% confidence intervals (CIs) . Pairwise associations used Fisher’s exact tests with Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR) . Age was summarized by a four-level age-class schema (AC-4: 0–2, 3–5, 6–12, ≥13 years) anda two-level sensitivity contrast (AC-2: ≤5 vs. >5 years) . Results: Of 83 patients, 64 (77.1%) had achondroplasia. In achondroplasia, otitis media occurred in 51.6% and OSA in 28.1%; versus non-achondroplasia, ARDs were +35.8 and +28.1 percentage points (BH-FDR adjusted) . Within achondroplasia, otitis media co-occurred with OSA (odds ratio [OR] 4.97; q = 0.012) and with ETD (OR 7.25; q = 0.012) . OSA increased across AC-4 to school age (p-trend = 0.0548) . In parsimonious models, otitis media independently predicted ETD and OSA. A five-item ENT-burden score discriminated otologic and adeno-tonsillar interventions (AUC 0.83–0.93) . Conclusions: Achondroplasia shows a concentrated ENT burden dominated by otitis media and OSA, with large adjusted absolute differences versus non-achondroplasia. Otitis media ","cbCaioSDyCzEoUAk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioSDyCzEoUAk","pdf",535760,17,"English","# Abstract\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What main ENT outcomes were analyzed in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study mapped ENT complications into five non-exclusive categories: otitis media, adenotonsillar/apnea with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), audiologic/Eustachian-tube dysfunction (ETD), nasopharyngeal/upper-respiratory (URT), and extra-ENT.\"},{\"question\":\"How was age handled in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Age was summarized using a four-level age-class schema (0–2, 3–5, 6–12, and ≥13 years) and a two-level sensitivity contrast (≤5 vs. \\u003e5 years).\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about relationships between otitis media, OSA, and ETD in achondroplasia?\",\"answer\":\"Within achondroplasia, otitis media co-occurred with OSA (odds ratio 4.97) and with ETD (odds ratio 7.25). Otitis media also independently predicted both ETD and OSA in parsimonious models.\"}]","Otologic Axis and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Achondroplasia: Age-Structured Cohort Findings | PDF",1790763533,43]