[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-648516-105":59,"doc-detail-648516-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","orthographic-projections-1-types-of-views-projection-systems","Orthographic Projections - 1 - Types of Views & Projection Systems","","Orthographic Projections explains how multiple perpendicular views of an object are projected onto different reference planes, using horizontal plane (HP), vertical plane (VP), and side/profile plane (PP). The content provides standardized naming notations for top, front, and side views, including symbol conventions and rules for using “above/below” relative to HP and “in front/behind” relative to VP. It further compares types of views and projection drawing methods, and summarizes projection systems (first angle and third angle) along with auxiliary planes and quadrant concepts.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/orthographic-projections-1-types-of-views-projection-systems/648516/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/orthographic-projections-1-types-of-views-projection-systems/648516.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What are the main reference planes in orthographic projections?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Plane (VP), and Side/Profile Plane (PP) are used as the reference planes.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How are top, front, and side views projected?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Front view is projected on VP, top view is projected on HP, and side view is projected on PP.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"What is the difference between first angle and third angle systems?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"The document lists first angle system with European countries and third angle system with Canada, USA, Japan, and Thailand, and also associates third and first quadrants with transparent planes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},648516,1792793906,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","ORTHOGRAPHIC  \nPROJECTIONS  \nME111  \nBy  \nDr. Akhilesh Kumar Maurya  \nOrthographic Projections  \n■ Orthographic Projections is a technical drawing in which different views of an object are projected on different reference planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane.  \n■ Different Reference planes are;  \n– Horizontal Plane (HP)  \n– Vertical Plane (VP)  \n– Side or Profile Plane (PP)  \n■ Different views are;  \n– Front View (FV)–Projected on VP  \n– Top View (TV)–Projected on HP  \n– Side View (SV)–Projected on PP  \nNOTATIONS  \nFollowing notations should be followed while naming Different views in orthographic projections.  \n\n| OBJECT POINT A | LINE AB |\n| --- | --- |\n| IT’S TOP VIEW a | a b |\n| IT’S FRONT VIEW a ´ | a ´ b ´ |\n| IT’S SIDE VIEW a ´´ | a ´´ b ´´ |\n\nSame system of notations should be followed  \nincase numbers, like 1, 2, 3 – are used.  \nTERMS ‘ABOVE’ & ‘BELOW’ WITH RESPECT TO H. P. AND TERMS‘INFRONT’ & ‘BEHIND’ WITH RESPECT TO V. P.  \nTypes of views   \nProjections  \nParallel  \nOrthogonal Oblique  \nMultiview Axonometric  \nMulti-view drawing  \nPictorial drawing  \nConverge  \nPerspective drawing  \nView comparison  \n\n| Type |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Multi-view drawing |  |  Accurately presents object’s details, i.e. size and shape. |  Require training to visualization. |  |  |  |\n| Pictorial drawing |  |  Easy to visualize. |  Shape and angle distortion |  |  |  |\n| | |  | Circular hole becomes ellipse\u003Cbr>Right angle becomes obtuse angle. |  | |  |\n| Perspective drawing\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr> Object looks more like what our eyes perceive.\u003Cbr>|  |  |  | Difficult to create Size and shape distortion |  | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Distorted width |\n\n| | | | | |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n\nAUXILIARY PLANES   \nAuxiliary Vertical Plane Auxiliary Inclined Plane Profile Plane  \n(A.V.P.) (A.I.P.) ( P.P.)   \nProjection systems  \n1. First angle system  \n- European countries  \n- ISO standard  \n2. Third angle system  \n-Canada, USA, Japan, Thailand  \nTransparent planes  \nThird  \nquadrant  \nFirst  \nquadrant  \nOpaque planes  \nOrthographic views  \nFolding line  \n1st angle system  \nFolding line  \nFolding line  \nFolding line  \n3 rd angle system","cbCait4HJoEVkTti","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCait4HJoEVkTti","pdf",1889163,48,"English","# Orthographic Projections\n## Reference planes and views\n## Notations for naming views\n## Terms: above/below and infront/behind\n## Types of views\n## View comparison\n## Auxiliary planes and projection systems","[{\"question\":\"What are the main reference planes in orthographic projections?\",\"answer\":\"Horizontal Plane (HP), Vertical Plane (VP), and Side/Profile Plane (PP) are used as the reference planes.\"},{\"question\":\"How are top, front, and side views projected?\",\"answer\":\"Front view is projected on VP, top view is projected on HP, and side view is projected on PP.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the difference between first angle and third angle systems?\",\"answer\":\"The document lists first angle system with European countries and third angle system with Canada, USA, Japan, and Thailand, and also associates third and first quadrants with transparent planes.\"}]","Orthographic Projections - 1 - Types of Views & Projection Systems | PDF",121]