[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-648518-105":59,"doc-detail-648518-en":129},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":122,"head_meta":124,"extra_data":126,"updated_unix":128},105,"en","orthographic-projection-chapter-2-engineering-graphics-introduction","Orthographic Projection - Chapter 2 - Engineering Graphics Introduction","","Chapter 2 explains engineering graphics rules and how to create technically correct orthographic projections. It defines orthographic projection as a method to represent a three-dimensional object in two dimensions using multiple views. The chapter introduces engineering drawing purpose, the six principle views, and the glass box method for generating views and then unfolding them into a flat layout. It also covers the standard views and how to choose them, plus line types and line weights to distinguish visible, hidden, center, symmetry, and phantom information.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/orthographic-projection-chapter-2-engineering-graphics-introduction/648518/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/orthographic-projection-chapter-2-engineering-graphics-introduction/648518.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"kopisore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What is an orthographic projection and what does it represent?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"An orthographic projection is a system of drawings that represents different sides of a 3-D object on a 2-D plane using views projected perpendicular to planes of projection.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How are the six principle views generated using the glass box method?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Place the object in an imaginary glass box where the box sides represent the six principle planes, project the object’s edges onto the sides, then unfold the box to produce all views in a 2-D plane.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"Why are different line types and line weights important in orthographic projections?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Line type and weight help a print reader determine whether features are visible or hidden, whether a line belongs to the object or a dimension, and whether it indicates symmetry.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},648518,1792793912,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":138,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":143},962090880963,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","| | ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION   | |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n\nIn Chapter 2 you will learn the importance of engineering graphics and howto create an orthographic projection. An orthographic projection describes theshape of an object. It is a two dimensional representation of a three dimensionalobject. Different line types are used to indicate visible, hidden and symmetrylines. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to create a technically correctorthographic projection using proper projection techniques.  \n# 2.1) INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING GRAPHICS\n\nEngineering graphics is a set of rules and guidelines that help you create anengineering drawing. An engineering drawing is a drawing or a set of drawingsthat communicates an idea, design, schematic, or model. Engineering drawingscome in many forms. Each engineering field has its own type of engineeringdrawings. For example, electrical engineers draw circuit schematics and circuitboard layouts. Civil engineers draw plans for bridges and road layouts.Mechanical engineers draw parts and assemblies that need tobe manufactured.This book focuses on the latter. This is not to say that only students in amechanical engineering curriculum will benefit from learning engineeringgraphics. It benefits everyone from the weekend carpenter who wants to drawplans for his/her new bookshelf to the electrical engineer who wants to analyzeelectrical component cooling using a CAE program. Engineering graphicsteaches you how to visualize and see all sides of an object in your mind. Beingable to visualize in your mind will help you in several aspects of critical thinking.  \n# 2.2) ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION INTRODUCTION\n\nAn orthographic projection enables us to represent a 3-D object in 2-D (seeFigure 2-1) . An orthographic projection is a system of drawings that representdifferent sides of an object. These drawings are formed by projecting the edgesof the object perpendicular to the desired planes of projection. Orthographicprojections allow us to represent the shape of an object using 2 or more views.These views together with dimensions and notes are sufficient to manufacturethe part.  \n\n| |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| Figure 2-1: Orthographic projection.   |  |\n| 2.2.1) The Six Principle Views  \u003Cbr>The 6 principle views of an orthographic projection are shown in Figure 2-2.Each principle view is created by looking atthe object in the directions indicatedin Figure 2-2 and drawing whatis seen as well as what is hidden from view.   |  |\n| |  |\n| Figure 2-2: The six principle views.   |  |\n\n# 2.3) THE GLASS BOX METHOD\n\nTo obtain an orthographic projection, an object is placed in an imaginaryglass box as shown in Figure 2-3. The sides of the glass box represent the sixprinciple planes. Images of the object are projected onto the sides of the box tocreate the six principle views. The box is then unfolded to lie flat, showing allviews in a 2-D plane. Figure 2-4 shows the glass box being unfolded to createthe orthographic projection of the object.  \n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Figure 2-3: Object in a glass box.   |\n\n\n| |\n| --- |\n| Figure 2-4: Glass box being unfolded.   |\n\nPrinciple  \nInstructor Led Exercise 2-1: views  \nLabel the five remaining principle views with the appropriate view name.  \nWhat are the differences between the Right Side and Left Side views?  \nWhat are the differences between the Top and Bottom, and Front and Rearviews?  \nWhich view(s) have the least number of hidden or dashed lines?  \n# 2.4) THE STANDARD VIEWS\n\nWhen constructing an orthographic projection, we need to include enoughviews to completely describe the true shape of the part. The more complex apart, the more views are needed to describe it completely. Most objects requirethree views to completely describe them. The standard views used in anorthographic projection are the front, top, and right side views. The otherviews (bottom, rear, left side) are omitted since they usually do not add any newinformation. It is not always necessary to use th","cbCaiiZ4zJMLmS9x","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiZ4zJMLmS9x","pdf",8377622,46,"English","# 2.1) Introduction to Engineering Graphics\n# 2.2) Orthographic Projection Introduction\n## 2.2.1) The Six Principle Views\n# 2.3) The Glass Box Method\n# 2.4) The Standard Views\n## 2.4.1) The Front View\n# 2.5) Line Types Used in an Orthographic Projection","[{\"question\":\"What is an orthographic projection and what does it represent?\",\"answer\":\"An orthographic projection is a system of drawings that represents different sides of a 3-D object on a 2-D plane using views projected perpendicular to planes of projection.\"},{\"question\":\"How are the six principle views generated using the glass box method?\",\"answer\":\"Place the object in an imaginary glass box where the box sides represent the six principle planes, project the object’s edges onto the sides, then unfold the box to produce all views in a 2-D plane.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are different line types and line weights important in orthographic projections?\",\"answer\":\"Line type and weight help a print reader determine whether features are visible or hidden, whether a line belongs to the object or a dimension, and whether it indicates symmetry.\"}]","Orthographic Projection - Chapter 2 - Engineering Graphics Introduction | PDF",116]