[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-648524-105":59,"doc-detail-648524-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","orthographic-projection-chapter-12-engineering-drawing-principles","Orthographic Projection - Chapter 12 - Engineering Drawing Principles","","This document provides a comprehensive overview of orthographic projection, a fundamental method used in engineering and technical drawing to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. It details the principles of projection systems, emphasizing how parallel projectors perpendicular to the plane of projection allow for the accurate communication of an object's exact shape and size. The content distinguishes between various projection techniques, including orthographic, oblique, perspective, and isometric views, explaining the role of the observer and light rays in each. By leveraging multiview projections, the material illustrates how multiple angles can be used to capture all necessary dimensions, serving as an essential educational resource for understanding technical graphic communication and visualization techniques in engineering design.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/orthographic-projection-chapter-12-engineering-drawing-principles/648524/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/orthographic-projection-chapter-12-engineering-drawing-principles/648524.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"awa","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the primary characteristic of orthographic projection?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"In orthographic projection, the projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection, which allows for the accurate representation of an object's exact shape and size.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why do engineers use orthographic projection?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Engineers use this method to communicate technical designs precisely because it captures the true dimensions and geometry of the object through different viewing directions.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How does perspective projection differ from orthographic projection?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"In perspective projection, the projection lines converge at the observer's eye, which is used to show the realistic appearance of structures like buildings, whereas orthographic projection assumes the observer is at an infinite distance with parallel rays.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},648524,1792887406,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747858093,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","# ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION\n\n·Multiview orthographic projection is a method of drawing two ormore views of an object on the RPs placed at angles to each other.  \n·The word 'ortho'means perpendicular.In this projection,theprojectors are perpendicular to the POP and parallel to each other.  \n·Different views of an object are obtained by viewing it fromdifferent directions.  \n·Any one view gives two dimensions.Two views together give threedimensions.  \n·Though Multiview projection is a type of orthographic projection,many people essentially call it orthographic projection.  \n# PROJECTION SYSTEM\n\n## ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION\n\n·It is assumed that observer is atinfinite distance and rays orprojection lines are parallel toeach other and perpendicularto the plane of projection.  \n·Two dimensional projection.  \n·Used by engineer for thepurpose of communicationbecause these projectionsexact shape and size of theobject.  \n## OBLIQUE PROJECTION\n\n## PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION\n\n·Itis assumed that observer is at infinite distance and rays or projection linesare converging at observer's eye  \n·Engineer use perspective projection to show the appearance of the buildingand large complexes.  \n## ISOMETRIC PROJECTION\n\n·It is assumed that observer is at infinite distance and rays orprojection lines are parallel to each other and perpendicular to theplane of projection.  \nIt is assumed that observer is at infinite distance and rays orprojection lines are parallel to each other and perpendicular to theplane of projection.The view is Orthographic View and theprojection method is called the orthographic projection.  \nSize of the view of anobject equal to theactual size of theobject.  \nORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION","cbCaiiWSxY2gi9sr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiiWSxY2gi9sr","pdf",3257486,96,"English","# Orthographic Projection\n# Projection System\n## Orthographic Projection\n## Oblique Projection\n## Perspective Projection\n## Isometric Projection","[{\"question\":\"What is the primary characteristic of orthographic projection?\",\"answer\":\"In orthographic projection, the projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection, which allows for the accurate representation of an object's exact shape and size.\"},{\"question\":\"Why do engineers use orthographic projection?\",\"answer\":\"Engineers use this method to communicate technical designs precisely because it captures the true dimensions and geometry of the object through different viewing directions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does perspective projection differ from orthographic projection?\",\"answer\":\"In perspective projection, the projection lines converge at the observer's eye, which is used to show the realistic appearance of structures like buildings, whereas orthographic projection assumes the observer is at an infinite distance with parallel rays.\"}]","Orthographic Projection - Chapter 12 - Engineering Drawing Principles | PDF",1792793922,242]