[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-84715-en":3,"doc-seo-84715-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},84715,549758252649,"Ivy","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/8000253669c5317157?_k=1778319167496531819",8,"Research & Report","Orchestrating Communication, Computing, and Energy Transfer for Wireless-Powered 6G Closed-Loop Controls","Future 6G communications aim to support robotic closed-loop control in applications such as industrial automation and emergency response, linking sensors, computing units, and robots through SC3 (sensing-communication-computing-control) networks. Limited device battery capacity restricts operating time and reduces control efficiency, especially in remote or post-disaster settings. Wireless power transfer enables continuous energy supply by using satellites to deliver RF energy. A holistic optimization framework jointly plans uplink/downlink power, bandwidth, computing and time allocation, and WPT power under an LQR-based objective, solved via iterative optimization and analyzed for single-loop energy-limited cases.","Orchestrating Communication, Computing, and Energy Transfer for Wireless-Powered 6G Closed-Loop Controls  \nChengleyang Lei, Wei Feng, Senior Member, IEEE, Yanmin Wang, Yunfei Chen, Fellow, IEEE, Xiaoyu Liu, Liuguo Yin, Senior Member, IEEE, and Ning Ge, Member, IEEE  \narXiv :2607 .04225v 1 [ cs .IT] 5 Jul 2026  \nAbstract—Future sixth generation (6G) communications are expected to support robotic control tasks in applications such as industrial automation and emergency response, where sensors, computing units, and robots are interconnected via nervous system-like networks to form sensing-communication-computingcontrol (SC3) closed loops. However, the limited battery capacities of devices within these SC3 loops constrain operational duration and degrade control efficiency, particularly in remote or postdisaster scenarios. To address this challenge, wireless power transfer (WPT) can be leveraged to provide continuous energy supply for SC3 closed loops. In this paper, we investigate a wireless-powered SC3 system, where a satellite transfers energy via radio frequency (RF) signals to support the communication and computing processes of multiple SC3 closed loops. By accounting for the intricate coupling among computing, communication, and energy transfer, we propose a holistic design framework to enhance overall control performance. Specifically, we adopt the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) cost as the performance metric and formulate a sum LQR cost minimization problem. The uplink/downlink transmit power, bandwidth allocation, computing capability, communication/computing time allocation, and WPT power allocation are jointly optimized. Werecast the problem into a more tractable form and develop an iterative algorithm to solve it. For the special case of a single loop, we further analyze the properties of optimal solutions in energylimited scenarios to provide insights for practical parameter configuration. Simulation results demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed scheme.  \nIndex Terms—Closed-loop control, complex coupling, satellite, wireless power transfer (WPT).  \nI. INTRODUCTION  \nThe sixth generation (6G) communication networks are envisioned to provide ubiquitous connectivity and intelligent services for machine-type and robotic applications, including industrial automation, scientific exploration, and emergency  \nChengleyang Lei, Wei Feng, and Ning Ge are with the Department of Electronic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Space Network and Communications, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (email: [lcly21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn](lcly21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn); [fengwei@tsinghua.edu.cn](fengwei@tsinghua.edu.cn); gen  \n[ing@tsinghua.edu.cn](ing@tsinghua.edu.cn)).  \nYanmin Wang is with the School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China ([email: wangyanmin@muc.edu.cn](email: wangyanmin@muc.edu.cn)).  \nYunfei Chen is with the Department of Engineering, University of Durham, DH1 3LE Durham, U.K. (e-mail: [yunfei.chen@durham.ac.uk](yunfei.chen@durham.ac.uk)).  \nXiaoyu Liu is with the Radio Research Center, China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100083, China (e-mail: [liuxiaoyu1@caict.ac.cn](liuxiaoyu1@caict.ac.cn)).  \nLiuguo Yin is with Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (e-mail: [yinlg@tsinghua.edu.cn](yinlg@tsinghua.edu.cn)).  \nresponse [1]–[3] . Rather than merely supporting data transmissions, in such scenarios, the networks are expected to enable closed-loop systems that tightly integrate sensing, communication, computing, and control, referred to as sensingcommunication-computing-control (SC3 ) closed loops [2]–[4] . Specifically, within an SC3 loop, sensors collect environmental information and target status, then transmit them to a computing unit; the computing unit processes the sensing data and generates control commands, which are then conveyed to onsite ro","cbCaipgvO9DYk0UT","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipgvO9DYk0UT","pdf",1061506,3,1,15,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## SC3 closed-loop networking in 6G\n## Energy constraints in remote or post-disaster scenarios\n## Satellite-enabled wireless power transfer and motivations","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper address in wireless-powered SC3 closed-loop control?\",\"answer\":\"It targets limited device battery capacity that shortens operation time and degrades control efficiency in remote or post-disaster environments, where terrestrial infrastructure may be unavailable.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the proposed system supply energy to the SC3 closed loops?\",\"answer\":\"A satellite transfers energy using radio-frequency (RF) signals to support the communication and computing processes of multiple SC3 closed loops.\"},{\"question\":\"What variables does the optimization jointly consider?\",\"answer\":\"The framework jointly optimizes uplink/downlink transmit power, bandwidth allocation, computing capability, communication/computing time allocation, and WPT power allocation.\"}]",1784197812,38,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"orchestrating-communication-computing-and-energy-transfer-for-wireless-powered-6g-closed-loop-controls","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/orchestrating-communication-computing-and-energy-transfer-for-wireless-powered-6g-closed-loop-controls/84715/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-23","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What problem does the paper address in wireless-powered SC3 closed-loop control?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It targets limited device battery capacity that shortens operation time and degrades control efficiency in remote or post-disaster environments, where terrestrial infrastructure may be unavailable.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the proposed system supply energy to the SC3 closed loops?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"A satellite transfers energy using radio-frequency (RF) signals to support the communication and computing processes of multiple SC3 closed loops.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What variables does the optimization jointly consider?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The framework jointly optimizes uplink/downlink transmit power, bandwidth allocation, computing capability, communication/computing time allocation, and WPT power 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